0001140361-24-011762 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer

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Segment Information, Reportable Segments (Details)	12 Months Ended
Segment Information, Reportable Segments (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 Segment
Segment Information [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments	3

Borrowings (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

FHLB of Pittsburgh [Member]

FHLB of Stock Purchased, Collateral Pledged and Assets Related

The table below presents the amount of FHLB of Pittsburgh stock Atlantic States purchased, collateral pledged and assets related to Atlantic States’ membership in the FHLB of Pittsburgh at December 31, 2023.

FHLB stock purchased and owned as part of the agreement	$	1,591,800
Collateral pledged, at par (carrying value $42,729,397)		45,690,038
Borrowing capacity currently available		5,107,416

Income Taxes, Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred Tax Assets [Abstract]
Unearned premium	$ 18,130,477	$ 17,560,126
Loss reserves	10,067,846	9,712,582
Net unrealized losses	8,743,238	11,088,307
Net state operating loss carryforward - DGI Parent	8,072,420	8,068,185
Other	1,492,635	1,472,110
Total gross deferred tax assets	46,506,616	47,901,310
Less valuation allowance	(8,072,420)	(8,068,185)
Net deferred tax assets	38,434,196	39,833,125
Deferred Tax Liabilities [Abstract]
Deferred policy acquisition costs	15,759,115	15,365,749
Loss reserve transition adjustment	564,002	856,267
Other	2,578,554	2,008,092
Total gross deferred tax liabilities	18,901,671	18,230,108
Net deferred tax asset	$ 19,532,525	$ 21,603,017

Liability for Losses and Loss Expenses, Summary of Insurance Subsidiaries' Liability for Losses and Loss Expenses (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Abstract]
Balance at January 1	$ 1,121,045,758	$ 1,077,620,301	$ 962,007,437
Less reinsurance recoverable	(451,184,222)	(451,261,306)	(404,818,480)
Cumulative effect of adoption of updated accounting guidance for credit losses at January 1	1,131,836	0	0
Net balance at January 1	669,861,536	626,358,995	557,188,957
Net balance at January 1	670,993,372
Incurred related to [Abstract]
Current year	625,831,043	608,900,206	551,917,571
Prior years	(16,653,344)	(44,821,213)	(31,208,029)
Total incurred	609,177,699	564,078,993	520,709,542
Paid related to [Abstract]
Current year	330,290,039	302,272,322	269,316,762
Prior years	260,738,168	218,304,130	182,222,742
Total paid	591,028,207	520,576,452	451,539,504
Net balance at end of period		669,861,536	626,358,995
Net balance at period end	689,142,864	670,993,372
Plus reinsurance recoverable	437,013,974	451,184,222	451,261,306
Balance at end of period	$ 1,126,156,838	$ 1,121,045,758	$ 1,077,620,301
Percentage of development	2.50%	7.20%	5.60%

Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenues
Net premiums earned - affiliated reinsurance	$ 237,903,029	$ 232,105,306	$ 212,591,341
Net investment gains (losses)	3,172,807	(10,184,797)	6,477,286
Expenses
Net losses and loss expenses - affiliated reinsurance	150,198,479	177,849,040	131,367,599
Income tax expense (benefit)	637,972	(1,678,694)	5,084,334
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities:
Income tax (benefit) expense on unrealized holding (loss) gain arising during the period	1,285,390	(12,164,443)	(2,008,078)
Income tax (benefit) expense on reclassification adjustment for losses (gains)	(470,860)	(205,794)	80,346
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Member]
Revenues
Net investment gains (losses)	(2,242,190)	(979,972)	382,602
Expenses
Income tax expense (benefit)	$ (470,860)	$ (205,794)	$ 80,346

Property and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Property and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

7 - Property and Equipment

Property and equipment at December 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:

	2023			2022			Estimated Useful Life
Office equipment	$	8,289,730		$	8,245,030		3-15 years
Automobiles		42,794			42,794		5 years
Real estate		2,575,207			2,575,207		5-50 years
Software		1,386,936			1,386,936		5 years
		12,294,667			12,249,967
Accumulated depreciation		(9,661,262	)		(9,494,862	)
	$	2,633,405		$	2,755,105

Depreciation expense for 2023, 2022 and 2021 amounted to $166,400, $173,535 and $208,641, respectively.

Income Taxes, Reconciliation of Federal Income Tax Rate (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Abstract]
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)	$ 5,063,476	$ (3,638,099)	$ 30,338,508
Tax at federal statutory rate	1,063,330	(764,001)	6,371,087
Tax-exempt interest	(1,328,312)	(1,446,102)	(1,491,154)
Proration	351,415	384,944	401,717
Dividends received deduction	(77,348)	(93,675)	(115,713)
Stock options	595,602	216,893	148,320
Additional tax paid for prior year	159,261	(6,071)	(15,874)
Other, net	(125,976)	29,318	(214,049)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$ 637,972	$ (1,678,694)	$ 5,084,334

Stock Compensation Plans, Summary of Information about Stock Options Outstanding (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options [Abstract]
Number of options outstanding (in shares)	5,052,328
Number of options exercisable (in shares)	3,234,327	4,627,630	6,297,849
December 18, 2014 [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options [Abstract]
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 15.8
Number of options outstanding (in shares)	883,839
Weighted-average remaining contractual life	1 year
Number of options exercisable (in shares)	883,839
December 19, 2019 [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options [Abstract]
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 14.98
Number of options outstanding (in shares)	819,765
Weighted-average remaining contractual life	1 year
Number of options exercisable (in shares)	819,765
December 17, 2020 [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options [Abstract]
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 14.43
Number of options outstanding (in shares)	701,024
Weighted-average remaining contractual life	2 years
Number of options exercisable (in shares)	701,024
January 4, 2021 [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options [Abstract]
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 14.07
Number of options outstanding (in shares)	10,000
Weighted-average remaining contractual life	2 years
Number of options exercisable (in shares)	10,000
December 16, 2021 [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options [Abstract]
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 14.39
Number of options outstanding (in shares)	764,500
Weighted-average remaining contractual life	3 years
Number of options exercisable (in shares)	509,666
February 9, 2021 [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options [Abstract]
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 14.15
Number of options outstanding (in shares)	2,000
Weighted-average remaining contractual life	3 years 1 month 6 days
Number of options exercisable (in shares)	2,000
April 18, 2022 [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options [Abstract]
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 13.28
Number of options outstanding (in shares)	10,000
Weighted-average remaining contractual life	3 years 3 months 18 days
Number of options exercisable (in shares)	6,667
December 15, 2022 [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options [Abstract]
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 14.09
Number of options outstanding (in shares)	904,100
Weighted-average remaining contractual life	4 years
Number of options exercisable (in shares)	301,366
December 21, 2023 [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options [Abstract]
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 13.87
Number of options outstanding (in shares)	957,100
Weighted-average remaining contractual life	5 years
Number of options exercisable (in shares)	0

Reconciliation of Statutory Filings to Amounts Reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements, (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Reconciliation of Statutory Filings to Amounts Reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements [Abstract]
Statutory net (loss) income of insurance subsidiaries	$ (2,312,857)	$ 424,058	$ 10,750,552
Increases (Decreases): [Abstract]
Deferred policy acquisition costs	1,873,174	5,141,857	8,871,415
Deferred federal income taxes	(229,397)	2,958,735	(1,085,903)
Salvage and subrogation recoverable	3,644,800	5,195,800	2,551,800
Consolidating eliminations and adjustments	(10,574,579)	(14,791,466)	(18,769)
Parent-only net income (loss)	12,024,363	(888,389)	4,185,079
Net income (loss)	4,425,504	(1,959,405)	25,254,174
Statutory Capital and Surplus of Insurance Subsidiaries [Abstract]
Statutory capital and surplus of insurance subsidiaries	463,674,289	455,719,035	466,186,406
Deferred policy acquisition costs	75,043,404	73,170,230	68,028,373	$ 59,156,958
Deferred federal income taxes	(13,072,768)	(23,794,084)	(21,294,388)
Salvage and subrogation recoverable	32,351,000	28,706,200	23,510,400
Non-admitted assets and other adjustments, net	1,328,142	712,623	929,862
Fixed maturities	(41,036,366)	(49,367,986)	5,958,434
Parent-only equity and other adjustments	(38,542,347)	(1,553,006)	(12,283,000)
Stockholders' equity	$ 479,745,354	$ 483,593,012	$ 531,036,087	$ 517,774,120

Reinsurance, Amounts Represent Effect of Reinsurance on Premiums Earned (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Effect of Reinsurance on Premiums Earned [Abstract]
Direct	$ 686,584,907	$ 627,331,528	$ 601,408,581
Assumed	583,559,906	578,216,997	573,891,506
Ceded	(388,073,427)	(383,059,075)	(399,284,886)
Net premiums earned	$ 882,071,386	$ 822,489,450	$ 776,015,201
Percentage of assumed premiums earned to net premiums earned	66.20%	70.30%	74.00%

Impact of New Accounting Standards (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Impact of New Accounting Standards (Policies)	Dec. 31, 2023
Impact of New Accounting Standards [Abstract]
Impact of New Accounting Standards	Impact of New Accounting Standards In September 2016, the FASB issued guidance that amended previous guidance on the impairment of financial instruments by adding an impairment model that requires an entity to recognize expected credit losses as an allowance rather than impairments as credit losses are incurred. The intent of this guidance is to reduce complexity and result in a more timely recognition of expected credit losses. In November 2019, the FASB issued guidance that delayed the effective date for “smaller reporting companies,” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K, to annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022 from December 15, 2019. We were a smaller reporting company at the time this guidance was issued, and our adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2023 resulted in an after-tax decrease in retained earnings of $1.9 million. The adoption of this guidance did not have a significant impact on our results of operations or cash flows.

Stock Compensation Plans, Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Details) - Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member] - $ / shares		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2011
Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Abstract]
Number of shares available for issuance (in shares)				500,000	500,000	300,000
Exercisable period of stock options		10 years
Percentage of purchase price of shares		85.00%	85.00%
Subsequent Event [Member]
Shares Granted or Issued, Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Shares issued price (in dollars per share)	$ 11.89
Shares issued (in shares)	29,787
January 1, 2021 [Member]
Shares Granted or Issued, Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Shares issued price (in dollars per share)		$ 11.96
Shares issued (in shares)		23,336
July 1, 2021 [Member]
Shares Granted or Issued, Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Shares issued price (in dollars per share)		$ 11.88
Shares issued (in shares)		24,619
January 1, 2022 [Member]
Shares Granted or Issued, Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Shares issued price (in dollars per share)		$ 12.15
Shares issued (in shares)		24,907
July 1, 2022 [Member]
Shares Granted or Issued, Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Shares issued price (in dollars per share)		$ 11.56
Shares issued (in shares)		23,454
January 1, 2023 [Member]
Shares Granted or Issued, Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Shares issued price (in dollars per share)		$ 12.07
Shares issued (in shares)		26,545
July 1, 2023 [Member]
Shares Granted or Issued, Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Shares issued price (in dollars per share)		$ 12.27
Shares issued (in shares)		28,912

Transactions with Affiliates, Expense Sharing (Details) - Donegal Mutual [Member] - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Expense Sharing [Abstract]
Charges for services	$ 218,974,132	$ 199,177,393	$ 186,568,897
Infrastructure related costs allocated	10,500,000	$ 7,600,000	$ 5,100,000
Proportionate share of the remaining infrastructure costs	40,900,000
Deferred costs	$ 888,904

Supplementary Cash Flow Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Supplementary Cash Flow Information [Abstract]

Net Income Taxes and Interest Paid

The following table reflects net income taxes and interest we paid during 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023		2022		2021
Income taxes	$	—	$	4,500,000	$	6,200,000
Interest		618,519		623,947		1,150,211

Impact of New Accounting Standards (Details) $ in Millions	36 Months Ended
Impact of New Accounting Standards (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 15, 2022 USD ($)
Impact of New Accounting Standards [Abstract]
After tax decrease in retained earnings	$ 1.9

Stock Compensation Plans, Equity Incentive Plans (Details) - USD ($)				12 Months Ended
	Jan. 03, 2023	Jan. 04, 2022	Jan. 04, 2021	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2019
Equity Incentive Plans [Abstract]
Compensation expense in stock compensation plans				$ 876,569	$ 818,853	$ 965,701
Income tax benefit of stock compensation plans				184,079	171,959	202,797
Unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested share-based compensation granted under the plan				$ 1,900,000	1,700,000
Weighted average period of unrecognized compensation expense				2 years
Cash from option exercises				$ 6,800,000	17,400,000	12,300,000
Tax benefit for tax deductions from option exercises				$ 139,135	$ 360,452	$ 438,850
Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Equity Incentive Plans [Abstract]
Restricted shares issued to directors (in shares)				500
Weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted (in dollars per share)				$ 1.51	$ 1.48	$ 1.21
Fair value of risk-free interest rate				4.12%	3.91%	0.91%
Expected life				3 years	3 years	3 years
Expected volatility				20.00%	22.00%	20.00%
Expected dividend yield				5.00%	5.00%	4.00%
Shares available for future option grants (in shares)				569,540
Equity Incentive Plan [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Equity Incentive Plans [Abstract]
Exercisable period of stock options				5 years
Equity Incentive Plan [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member]
Equity Incentive Plans [Abstract]
Common stock available for issuance to employees of subsidiaries and affiliates under identical plan (in shares)							4,500,000
Common stock available for issuance to directors and those of the subsidiaries and affiliates under identical plan (in shares)							500,000
Equity Incentive Plan [Member] \| Restricted Stock [Member]
Equity Incentive Plans [Abstract]
Shares issued (in shares)	8,500	8,500	10,000

Allowance for Expected Credit Losses, Held-to-Maturity Fixed-Maturity Securities (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Held-to-Maturity, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Losses [Abstract]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 688,439,360
Balance at end of period	679,497,038	$ 688,439,360
Allowance for Expected Credit Losses [Abstract]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 0
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible Enumeration]	ASU 2016-13 [Member]	ASU 2016-13 [Member]
Current period change for expected credit losses	$ 58,000
Balance at end of period	1,325,847	$ 0
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member]
Allowance for Expected Credit Losses [Abstract]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 1,268,000
Balance at end of period		$ 1,268,000

- Definition

Indicates amendment to accounting standards.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 405
-SubTopic 50
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 65
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147477123/405-50-65-1

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
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-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (a)
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479654/326-10-65-5

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 326
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-Section 65
-Paragraph 5
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479654/326-10-65-5

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 326
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 815
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 65
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480528/815-20-65-6

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 815
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480528/815-20-65-6

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480528/815-20-65-6

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 832
-SubTopic 10
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-Section 65
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483482/832-10-65-1

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 832
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 805
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-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479845/805-20-65-3

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 805
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479845/805-20-65-3

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 805
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Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479343/105-10-65-6

Reference 26: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 105
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 65
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479343/105-10-65-6

Reference 27: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 105
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Reference 28: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 105
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 65
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479343/105-10-65-6

Reference 29: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 65
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-Subparagraph (a)
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Reference 30: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 32: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 53: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 56: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 57: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 58: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 59: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 69: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 70: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 71: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 310
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Reference 72: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 250
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-1

+ Details

Transactions with Affiliates, Insurance Subsidiaries Ceded to Donegal Mutual Pursuant to Reinsurance Agreements (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Reinsurance Pooling and Other Reinsurance Arrangements [Abstract]
Premiums earned	$ 388,073,427	$ 383,059,075	$ 399,284,886
Insurance Subsidiaries [Member]
Reinsurance Pooling and Other Reinsurance Arrangements [Abstract]
Coverage under catastrophic occurrence	6,000,000	5,000,000
Premiums earned	345,656,717	346,111,400	361,300,053
Donegal Mutual [Member]
Reinsurance Pooling and Other Reinsurance Arrangements [Abstract]
Coverage under catastrophic occurrence	3,000,000	2,000,000
Premiums earned	168,243	17,989,939	37,996,474
Losses and loss expenses	2,902,422	5,194,974	20,037,608
Liability for losses and loss expenses	17,852,153	22,642,908	36,659,853
Catastrophe Reinsurance [Member] \| Insurance Subsidiaries [Member]
Reinsurance Pooling and Other Reinsurance Arrangements [Abstract]
Premiums earned	13,215,814	13,800,018	17,574,161
Losses and loss expenses	17,895,306	10,517,709	9,309,624
Liability for losses and loss expenses	$ 2,497,244	$ 1,271,006	$ 1,658,057

Stock Compensation Plans, Agency Stock Purchase Plan (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2018
Agency Stock Purchase Plan [Member]
Agency Stock Purchase Plan [Abstract]
Number of shares available for issuance (in shares)		400,000		350,000
Investment on per subscription	$ 12,000
Percentage of purchase price of shares	90.00%
Number of trading days of subscription period	10 days
Shares issued (in shares)	86,469	104,393	99,828
New Plan [Member]
Agency Stock Purchase Plan [Abstract]
Number of shares available for issuance (in shares)		500,000

Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company, Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash Flows from Operating Activities [Abstract]
Net income (loss)	$ 4,425,504	$ (1,959,405)	$ 25,254,174
Adjustments [Abstract]
Other	511,426	796,805	867,438
Net adjustments	24,198,240	69,069,425	51,477,794
Net cash provided by operating activities	28,623,744	67,110,020	76,731,968
Cash Flows from Investing Activities [Abstract]
Net sale (purchases) of short-term investments	25,015,703	(44,628,770)	8,207,814
Net cash used in investing activities	(16,706,641)	(98,498,303)	(62,199,311)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities [Abstract]
Cash dividends paid	(21,893,692)	(20,502,716)	(19,099,220)
Issuance of common stock	8,645,530	19,304,956	14,181,702
Net cash used in financing activities	(13,248,162)	(1,197,760)	(59,917,518)
Net decrease in cash	(1,331,059)	(32,586,043)	(45,384,861)
Cash at beginning of year	25,123,332
Cash at end of year	23,792,273	25,123,332
Parent Company [Member]
Cash Flows from Operating Activities [Abstract]
Net income (loss)	4,426,000	(1,959,000)	25,254,000
Adjustments [Abstract]
Equity in undistributed net loss (income) of subsidiaries	7,598,000	1,071,000	(21,069,000)
Other	(168,000)	(1,972,000)	(536,000)
Net adjustments	7,430,000	(901,000)	(21,605,000)
Net cash provided by operating activities	11,856,000	(2,860,000)	3,649,000
Cash Flows from Investing Activities [Abstract]
Net sale (purchases) of short-term investments	5,856,000	(7,316,000)	0
Net purchase of property and equipment	(45,000)	0	(13,000)
Investment in subsidiaries	(819,000)	(768,000)	(916,000)
Other	30,000	(28,000)	0
Net cash used in investing activities	5,022,000	(8,112,000)	(929,000)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities [Abstract]
Cash dividends paid	(21,894,000)	(20,503,000)	(19,099,000)
Issuance of common stock	9,771,000	20,388,000	15,433,000
Net cash used in financing activities	(12,123,000)	(115,000)	(3,666,000)
Net decrease in cash	4,755,000	(11,087,000)	(946,000)
Cash at beginning of year	3,288,000	14,375,000	15,321,000
Cash at end of year	$ 8,043,000	$ 3,288,000	$ 14,375,000

Supplementary Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Supplementary Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Supplementary Cash Flow Information [Abstract]
Income taxes	$ 0	$ 4,500,000	$ 6,200,000
Interest	$ 618,519	$ 623,947	$ 1,150,211

Property and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Property and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment at December 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:

	2023			2022			Estimated Useful Life
Office equipment	$	8,289,730		$	8,245,030		3-15 years
Automobiles		42,794			42,794		5 years
Real estate		2,575,207			2,575,207		5-50 years
Software		1,386,936			1,386,936		5 years
		12,294,667			12,249,967
Accumulated depreciation		(9,661,262	)		(9,494,862	)
	$	2,633,405		$	2,755,105

Investments, Amortized Cost and Estimated Fair Values of Fixed Maturities (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Amortized Cost and Estimated Fair Values of Fixed Maturities [Abstract]
Held to maturity, carrying value	$ 679,497,038	$ 688,439,360
Held to maturity, allowance for credit loss	1,325,847	0
Held to maturity, amortized cost	680,822,885
Held to maturity, gross unrealized gains	1,656,213	1,810,735
Held to maturity, gross unrealized losses	70,952,760	92,205,414
Held to maturity, estimated fair value	611,526,338	598,044,681
Total available for sale, amortized cost	629,727,513	571,912,727
Available for sale, gross unrealized gains	905,001	306,270
Available for sale, gross unrealized losses	41,284,271	48,427,066
Available for sale, estimated fair value	589,348,243	523,791,931
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. Government Corporations and Agencies [Member]
Amortized Cost and Estimated Fair Values of Fixed Maturities [Abstract]
Held to maturity, carrying value	91,517,359	103,362,028
Held to maturity, allowance for credit loss	54,668
Held to maturity, amortized cost	91,572,027
Held to maturity, gross unrealized gains	0	856
Held to maturity, gross unrealized losses	8,885,420	10,566,154
Held to maturity, estimated fair value	82,686,607	92,796,730
Total available for sale, amortized cost	89,367,383	68,537,456
Available for sale, gross unrealized gains	199,299	108,683
Available for sale, gross unrealized losses	4,146,999	5,124,827
Available for sale, estimated fair value	85,419,683	63,521,312
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions [Member]
Amortized Cost and Estimated Fair Values of Fixed Maturities [Abstract]
Held to maturity, carrying value	376,897,952	382,097,461
Held to maturity, allowance for credit loss	265,977
Held to maturity, amortized cost	377,163,929
Held to maturity, gross unrealized gains	1,448,585	1,809,879
Held to maturity, gross unrealized losses	46,844,714	60,494,134
Held to maturity, estimated fair value	331,767,800	323,413,206
Total available for sale, amortized cost	41,957,742	45,448,157
Available for sale, gross unrealized gains	11,665	33,994
Available for sale, gross unrealized losses	3,853,623	5,326,367
Available for sale, estimated fair value	38,115,784	40,155,784
Corporate Securities [Member]
Amortized Cost and Estimated Fair Values of Fixed Maturities [Abstract]
Held to maturity, carrying value	201,847,288	190,948,922
Held to maturity, allowance for credit loss	999,685
Held to maturity, amortized cost	202,846,973
Held to maturity, gross unrealized gains	207,628	0
Held to maturity, gross unrealized losses	14,804,569	20,510,543
Held to maturity, estimated fair value	188,250,032	170,438,379
Total available for sale, amortized cost	211,882,285	218,040,945
Available for sale, gross unrealized gains	100,014	8,315
Available for sale, gross unrealized losses	15,189,332	15,211,215
Available for sale, estimated fair value	196,792,967	202,838,045
Mortgage-Backed Securities [Member]
Amortized Cost and Estimated Fair Values of Fixed Maturities [Abstract]
Held to maturity, carrying value	9,234,439	12,030,949
Held to maturity, allowance for credit loss	5,517
Held to maturity, amortized cost	9,239,956
Held to maturity, gross unrealized gains	0	0
Held to maturity, gross unrealized losses	418,057	634,583
Held to maturity, estimated fair value	8,821,899	11,396,366
Total available for sale, amortized cost	286,520,103	239,886,169
Available for sale, gross unrealized gains	594,023	155,278
Available for sale, gross unrealized losses	18,094,317	22,764,657
Available for sale, estimated fair value	$ 269,019,809	$ 217,276,790

Transactions with Affiliates, Reinsurance Transactions on Net Losses and Loss Expenses of Insurance Subsidiaries Incurred (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Reinsurance Pooling and Other Reinsurance Arrangements [Abstract]
Assumed	$ 589,675,724	$ 568,272,026	$ 601,864,198
Ceded	(396,206,492)	(366,714,634)	(406,802,395)
Net	895,696,640	843,528,599	804,266,509
Insurance Subsidiaries [Member]
Reinsurance Pooling and Other Reinsurance Arrangements [Abstract]
Assumed	409,051,306	395,790,312	383,452,056
Ceded	(258,852,827)	(217,941,272)	(252,084,457)
Net	$ 150,198,479	$ 177,849,040	$ 131,367,599

Transactions with Affiliates, Reinsurance Atlantic States Assumed from Pool (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Reinsurance Pooling and Other Reinsurance Arrangements [Abstract]
Premiums earned	$ 583,559,906	$ 578,216,997	$ 573,891,506
Unearned premiums	599,411,468	577,653,130
Liability for losses and loss expenses	636,711,000
Affiliated Entity [Member] \| Atlantic States [Member]
Reinsurance Pooling and Other Reinsurance Arrangements [Abstract]
Premiums earned	583,559,746	578,216,706	573,891,394
Losses and loss expenses	409,051,306	395,794,813	383,455,320
Unearned premiums	286,147,727	280,031,908	289,976,879
Liability for losses and loss expenses	$ 507,527,839	$ 496,849,769	$ 455,564,733

Liability for Losses and Loss Expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Liability for Losses and Loss Expenses [Abstract]

Liability for Losses and Loss Expenses

8 - Liability for Losses and Loss Expenses

The establishment of an appropriate liability for losses and loss expenses is an inherently uncertain process, and we can provide no assurance that our insurance subsidiaries’ ultimate liability will not exceed their loss and loss expense reserves and have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. For example, legislative, judicial and regulatory actions may expand coverage definitions, retroactively mandate coverage or otherwise require our insurance subsidiaries to pay losses for damages that their policies explicitly excluded or did not intend to cover. Furthermore, we cannot predict the timing, frequency and extent of adjustments to our insurance subsidiaries’ estimated future liabilities, because the historical conditions and events that serve as a basis for our insurance subsidiaries’ estimates of ultimate claim costs may change. As is the case for substantially all property and casualty insurance companies, our insurance subsidiaries have found it necessary in the past to increase their estimated future liabilities for losses and loss expenses in certain periods, and, in other periods, their estimates have exceeded their actual liabilities. Changes in our insurance subsidiaries’ estimate of their liability for losses and loss expenses generally reflect actual payments and their evaluation of information received since the prior reporting date.

We summarize activity in our insurance subsidiaries’ liability for losses and loss expenses as follows:

	2023			2022			2021
Balance at January 1	$	1,121,045,758		$	1,077,620,301		$	962,007,437
Less reinsurance recoverable		(451,184,222	)		(451,261,306	)		(404,818,480	)
Cumulative effect of adoption of updated accounting guidance for credit losses at January 1		1,131,836			—			—
Net balance at January 1		670,993,372			626,358,995			557,188,957
Incurred related to:
Current year		625,831,043			608,900,206			551,917,571
Prior years		(16,653,344	)		(44,821,213	)		(31,208,029	)
Total incurred		609,177,699			564,078,993			520,709,542
Paid related to:
Current year		330,290,039			302,272,322			269,316,762
Prior years		260,738,168			218,304,130			182,222,742
Total paid		591,028,207			520,576,452			451,539,504
Net balance at December 31		689,142,864			669,861,536			626,358,995
Plus reinsurance recoverable		437,013,974			451,184,222			451,261,306
Balance at December 31	$	1,126,156,838		$	1,121,045,758		$	1,077,620,301

Our insurance subsidiaries recognized a decrease in their liability for losses and loss expenses of prior years of $16.7 million, $44.8 million and $31.2 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Our insurance subsidiaries made no significant changes in their reserving philosophy or claims management personnel, and they have made no significant offsetting changes in estimates that increased or decreased their loss and loss expense reserves in those years. The 2023 development represented 2.5% of the December 31, 2022 net carried reserves and resulted primarily from lower-than-expected loss emergence in the personal automobile and commercial automobile lines of business for accident years prior to 2023. The majority of the 2023 development related to decreases in the liability for losses and loss expenses of prior years for Atlantic States and MICO. The 2022 development represented 7.2% of the December 31, 2021 net carried reserves and resulted primarily from lower-than-expected loss emergence in the personal automobile and commercial automobile lines of business for accident years prior to 2022. The majority of the 2022 development related to decreases in the liability for losses and loss expenses of prior years for Atlantic States and MICO. The 2021 development represented 5.6% of the December 31, 2020 net carried reserves and resulted primarily from lower-than-expected loss emergence in the personal automobile, workers’ compensation and commercial automobile lines of business for accident years prior to 2021. The majority of the 2021 development related to decreases in the liability for losses and loss expenses of prior years for Atlantic States and MICO.

Short-duration contracts are contracts for which our insurance subsidiaries receive premiums that they recognize as revenue over the period of the contract in proportion to the amount of insurance protection our insurance subsidiaries provide. Our insurance subsidiaries consider the policies they issue to be short-duration contracts. We consider our insurance subsidiaries’ material lines of business to be personal automobile, homeowners, commercial automobile, commercial multi-peril and workers’ compensation.

Our insurance subsidiaries determine incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) reserves by subtracting the cumulative loss and loss expense amounts our insurance subsidiaries have paid and the case reserves our insurance subsidiaries have established at the balance sheet date from their actuaries’ estimate of the ultimate cost of losses and loss expenses. Accordingly, our insurance subsidiaries’ IBNR reserves include their actuaries’ projections of the cost of unreported claims as well as their actuaries’ projected development of case reserves on known claims and reopened claims. Our insurance subsidiaries’ methodology for estimating IBNR reserves has been in place for many years, and their actuaries made no significant changes to that methodology during 2023.

The actuaries for our insurance subsidiaries generally prepare an initial estimate for ultimate losses and loss expenses for the current accident year by multiplying earned premium by an “a priori,” or expected, loss ratio for each line of business our insurance subsidiaries write. Expected loss ratios represent the actuaries’ expectation of losses at the time our insurance subsidiaries price and write their policies, before the emergence of any actual claims experience. The actuaries determine an expected loss ratio by analyzing historical experience and adjusting for loss cost trends, loss frequency and severity trends, premium rate level changes, reported and paid loss emergence patterns and other known or observed factors.

The actuaries use a variety of actuarial methods to estimate the ultimate cost of losses and loss expenses. These methods include paid loss development, incurred loss development and the Bornhuetter-Ferguson method from which the actuaries select loss development factor assumptions. The actuaries base their selection of a point estimate on a judgmental weighting of estimates each of these methods produce.

The actuaries consider loss frequency and severity trends when they develop expected loss ratios and point estimates. Loss frequency is a measure of the number of claims per unit of insured exposure, and loss severity is a measure of the average size of claims. Factors that affect loss frequency include changes in weather patterns or economic activity. Factors that affect loss severity include changes in policy limits, reinsurance retentions, inflation rates and judicial interpretations.

Our insurance subsidiaries create a claim file when they receive notice of an actual demand for payment, an event that may lead to a demand for payment or when they otherwise determine that a demand for payment could potentially lead to a future demand for payment on another coverage under the same policy or another policy they have issued. In recent years, our insurance subsidiaries have noted an increase in the period of time between the occurrence of a casualty loss event and the date on which they receive notice of a liability claim. Changes in the length of time between the loss occurrence date and the claim reporting date affect the actuaries’ ability to accurately predict loss frequency and the amount of IBNR reserves our insurance subsidiaries require.

Our insurance subsidiaries generally create a claim file for a policy at the claimant level by type of coverage and generally recognize one count for each claim event. In certain lines of business where it is common for multiple parties to claim damages arising from a single claim event, our insurance subsidiaries recognize one count for each claimant involved in the event. Atlantic States recognizes one count for each claim event, or claimant involved in a multiple-party claim event, related to losses Atlantic States assumes through its participation in its pooling agreement with Donegal Mutual. Our insurance subsidiaries accumulate the claim counts and report them by line of business. For purposes of the claim development tables we present below, our insurance subsidiaries count claims on policies they issue even if they eventually close such claims without making a loss payment. Claims our insurance subsidiaries close without making a loss payment typically generate loss expenses. The methods our insurance subsidiaries have used to summarize claim counts have not changed significantly over the time periods we report in the tables below.

The following tables present information about incurred and paid claims development as of December 31, 2023, net of reinsurance, as well as cumulative claim frequency and the total of IBNR reserves plus expected development on reported claims that our insurance subsidiaries included within their net incurred claims amounts. The tables include unaudited information about incurred and paid claims development for the years ended December 31, 2014 through 2022, which we present as supplementary information.

Personal Automobile																					At December 31, 2023
	Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31,
Accident Year	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Total IBNR Plus Expected Development on Reported Claims		Cumulative Number of Reported Claims
	Unaudited
(dollars and reported claims in thousands)
2014	$	124,426	$	124,806	$	124,210	$	126,200	$	126,779	$	126,734	$	126,861	$	126,977	$	127,108	$	127,148	$	37		71
2015				137,569		139,333		139,181		142,493		142,408		142,073		142,010		141,965		141,894		61		70
2016						150,216		153,937		157,516		157,943		156,935		156,436		156,227		155,834		192		73
2017								166,690		176,728		175,939		174,784		173,730		173,032		172,712		353		79
2018										186,580		183,358		181,558		180,787		179,732		178,990		627		81
2019												161,056		157,689		156,300		154,805		153,883		1,227		68
2020														111,483		103,585		100,339		99,253		1,543		43
2021																119,364		118,752		114,707		2,792		47
2022																		126,203		134,834		5,639		50
2023																				152,740		27,416		50
																	Total		$	1,431,995

Personal Automobile
	Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31,
Accident Year	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023
	Unaudited
(in thousands)
2014	$	85,377	$	104,736	$	114,893	$	120,491	$	123,815	$	124,926	$	125,619	$	125,762	$	126,701	$	127,026
2015				93,611		116,303		128,395		135,027		139,121		140,028		140,892		141,172		141,298
2016						102,433		129,507		143,321		151,159		153,521		154,769		155,521		155,505
2017								111,964		142,372		159,879		166,099		169,190		170,895		171,513
2018										115,585		150,175		163,036		169,651		173,922		176,233
2019												103,101		127,187		141,004		146,667		150,017
2020														66,084		81,783		89,736		94,094
2021																76,477		93,998		103,427
2022																		83,616		109,845
2023																				99,574
																	Total			1,328,532
					All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance															994
					Liabilities for claims and claims adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance														$	104,457

Homeowners																					At December 31, 2023
	Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31,
Accident Year	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Total IBNR Plus Expected Development on Reported Claims		Cumulative Number of Reported Claims
	Unaudited
(dollars and reported claims in thousands)
2014	$	56,916	$	58,378	$	57,680	$	57,332	$	57,288	$	57,402	$	57,367	$	57,371	$	57,353	$	57,362	$	—		17
2015				63,359		63,925		63,053		63,071		63,099		62,993		63,043		63,036		63,042		—		14
2016						62,443		64,064		63,735		63,355		63,279		63,409		63,472		63,478		3		12
2017								79,283		79,911		79,305		79,247		79,065		78,815		78,819		24		17
2018										81,965		83,385		82,905		82,566		82,058		81,977		78		19
2019												73,294		73,554		73,234		72,168		72,176		187		16
2020														61,633		62,718		61,595		61,495		385		14
2021																67,677		66,996		65,451		496		11
2022																		82,433		82,045		1,846		10
2023																				86,693		8,046		10
																	Total		$	712,538

Homeowners
	Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31,
Accident Year	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023
	Unaudited
(in thousands)
2014	$	45,823	$	56,255	$	56,990	$	57,195	$	56,995	$	57,243	$	57,336	$	57,339	$	57,318	$	57,327
2015				51,885		61,542		62,204		62,590		62,844		62,943		62,936		62,938		63,042
2016						50,125		61,145		62,760		63,144		63,162		63,217		63,266		63,296
2017								67,077		77,663		78,006		78,127		78,454		78,528		78,556
2018										70,385		79,892		80,905		81,464		81,568		81,826
2019												58,074		69,145		70,416		70,884		71,209
2020														51,226		60,348		60,809		61,189
2021																52,161		63,920		64,124
2022																		63,107		79,187
2023																				67,636
																	Total			687,392
					All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance															148
					Liabilities for claims and claims adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance														$	25,294

Commercial Automobile																					At December 31, 2023
	Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31,
Accident Year	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Total IBNR Plus Expected Development on Reported Claims		Cumulative Number of Reported Claims
	Unaudited
(dollars and reported claims in thousands)
2014	$	42,760	$	44,544	$	47,326	$	48,213	$	49,284	$	49,168	$	49,308	$	49,291	$	49,285	$	49,212	$	8		11
2015				46,526		48,323		51,412		54,259		54,517		54,619		53,793		53,477		53,431		33		12
2016						54,302		57,353		65,905		67,127		66,894		66,085		65,922		65,602		71		13
2017								61,484		67,927		67,697		67,249		65,310		64,631		65,022		105		14
2018										79,307		81,396		82,313		83,043		82,226		82,368		207		15
2019												88,864		91,245		90,290		86,140		84,566		729		16
2020														90,367		87,766		85,016		83,590		2,528		14
2021																109,824		99,231		96,947		6,346		14
2022																		115,287		108,690		17,627		15
2023																				112,135		37,768		14
																	Total		$	801,563

Commercial Automobile
	Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31,
Accident Year	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023
	Unaudited
(in thousands)
2014	$	22,707	$	31,089	$	39,436	$	44,374	$	47,290	$	48,418	$	48,603	$	48,714	$	48,757	$	48,829
2015				23,875		35,342		41,678		48,261		51,605		51,992		52,728		53,052		53,047
2016						27,033		38,237		48,837		57,237		60,485		64,421		65,076		65,273
2017								28,707		40,213		49,703		57,128		59,889		62,187		64,074
2018										33,862		47,941		57,451		69,487		74,421		79,308
2019												36,948		53,026		63,575		72,139		80,617
2020														31,884		46,459		60,665		70,669
2021																39,851		56,101		69,908
2022																		46,242		67,367
2023																				45,387
																	Total			644,479
					All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance															88
					Liabilities for claims and claims adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance														$	157,172

Commercial Multi-Peril																					At December 31, 2023
	Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31,
Accident Year	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Total IBNR Plus Expected Development on Reported Claims		Cumulative Number of Reported Claims
	Unaudited
(dollars and reported claims in thousands)
2014	$	48,204	$	50,135	$	51,843	$	52,336	$	53,294	$	53,116	$	52,926	$	52,933	$	53,502	$	53,395	$	—		7
2015				42,070		43,874		44,728		45,104		45,873		45,366		45,420		45,595		46,181		—		6
2016						43,005		46,988		48,267		48,871		48,732		48,823		48,802		48,374		135		6
2017								56,185		56,043		56,517		54,812		55,076		54,244		55,002		187		7
2018										66,265		66,470		67,749		67,810		65,911		65,900		624		7
2019												71,865		73,836		76,326		75,821		76,015		2,093		7
2020														83,195		79,910		76,490		74,796		4,524		8
2021																116,827		117,574		119,321		14,055		7
2022																		142,395		141,935		27,544		7
2023																				129,069		43,788		5
																	Total		$	809,988

Commercial Multi-Peril
	Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31,
Accident Year	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023
	Unaudited
(in thousands)
2014	$	27,920	$	35,520	$	40,936	$	47,021	$	50,017	$	51,615	$	52,103	$	52,252	$	52,875	$	53,074
2015				21,837		29,419		34,323		39,162		42,849		44,090		44,439		44,764		45,572
2016						19,660		29,402		34,612		41,193		43,435		44,944		47,432		48,048
2017								27,399		36,926		42,691		46,361		49,488		51,494		52,422
2018										30,597		42,296		48,050		54,913		59,118		62,253
2019												28,210		41,266		47,522		55,951		63,156
2020														34,729		46,193		52,646		58,754
2021																46,768		69,735		82,580
2022																		57,641		86,664
2023																				56,238
																	Total			608,761
					All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance															521
					Liabilities for claims and claims adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance														$	201,748

Workers’ Compensation																					At December 31, 2023
	Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31,
Accident Year	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Total IBNR Plus Expected Development on Reported Claims		Cumulative Number of Reported Claims
	Unaudited
(dollars and reported claims in thousands)
2014	$	51,508	$	51,553	$	49,288	$	48,537	$	47,540	$	47,693	$	47,849	$	47,620	$	47,794	$	47,623	$	7		6
2015				53,332		49,615		45,991		44,986		43,006		42,597		42,225		42,043		41,875		141		6
2016						58,814		49,802		47,883		44,969		44,098		43,559		43,484		43,447		387		6
2017								60,450		56,351		52,687		51,464		49,557		48,802		48,668		753		6
2018										62,197		55,291		52,514		47,912		47,007		46,742		924		6
2019												60,998		59,624		57,728		56,480		55,893		1,003		7
2020														57,172		57,850		57,384		56,714		1,824		6
2021																67,035		65,530		64,225		3,550		7
2022																		67,046		67,331		6,428		7
2023																				62,401		21,881		5
																	Total		$	534,919

Workers’ Compensation
	Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31,
Accident Year	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023
	Unaudited
(in thousands)
2014	$	13,932	$	28,513	$	36,284	$	40,393	$	42,465	$	43,866	$	44,403	$	44,671	$	45,314	$	45,905
2015				13,071		27,531		34,192		36,929		37,936		38,596		39,096		39,478		39,762
2016						14,709		30,344		37,178		40,570		41,208		41,543		41,809		42,195
2017								15,581		31,990		39,684		42,954		44,242		45,174		45,935
2018										17,644		31,928		37,072		41,611		43,279		44,359
2019												16,939		33,009		41,740		47,121		50,079
2020														14,591		32,817		44,089		48,259
2021																20,931		42,633		51,781
2022																		18,643		41,225
2023																				17,546
																	Total			427,046
					All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance															5,251
					Liabilities for claims and claims adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance														$	113,124

The following table presents a reconciliation of the net incurred and paid claims development tables to the liability for claims and claims adjustment expenses in our consolidated balance sheet:

	At December 31,
(in thousands)	2023
Net outstanding liabilities:
Personal automobile	$	104,457
Homeowners		25,294
Commercial automobile		157,172
Commercial multi-peril		201,748
Workers’ compensation		113,124
Other		34,916
		636,711

Reinsurance recoverable:
Personal automobile	$	98,157
Homeowners		15,325
Commercial automobile		94,517
Commercial multi-peril		118,979
Workers’ compensation		84,766
Other		6,643
		418,387
Unallocated loss adjustment expenses	$	71,059
Gross liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses	$	1,126,157

The following table presents supplementary information about average historical claims duration as of December 31, 2023:

	Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance
Years		1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Personal automobile		65.6	%	16.9	%	8.5	%	4.2	%	2.2	%	0.9	%	0.5	%	0.1	%	0.4	%	0.3	%
Homeowners		81.1		16.0		1.2		0.5		0.2		0.2		0.1		—		0.1		—
Commercial automobile		42.3		18.1		14.4		11.9		6.2		3.7		1.4		0.4		—		0.1
Commercial multi-peril		44.3		17.6		9.8		10.3		6.6		3.4		2.1		0.8		1.5		0.4
Workers’ compensation		30.9		32.6		15.6		8.1		3.3		1.9		1.1		0.8		1.0		1.2

Reconciliation of Statutory Filings to Amounts Reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Reconciliation of Statutory Filings to Amounts Reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements [Abstract]

Reconciliations of Statutory Net Income (Loss) and Capital and Surplus

Reconciliations of statutory net (loss) income and capital and surplus, as determined using SAP, to the net income (loss) and stockholders’ equity amounts included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2023			2022			2021
Statutory net (loss) income of insurance subsidiaries	$	(2,312,857	)	$	424,058		$	10,750,552
Increases (decreases):
Deferred policy acquisition costs		1,873,174			5,141,857			8,871,415
Deferred federal income taxes		(229,397	)		2,958,735			(1,085,903	)
Salvage and subrogation recoverable		3,644,800			5,195,800			2,551,800
Consolidating eliminations and adjustments		(10,574,579	)		(14,791,466	)		(18,769	)
Parent-only net income (loss)		12,024,363			(888,389	)		4,185,079
Net income (loss)	$	4,425,504		$	(1,959,405	)	$	25,254,174

	December 31,
	2023			2022			2021
Statutory capital and surplus of insurance subsidiaries	$	463,674,289		$	455,719,035		$	466,186,406
Increases (decreases):
Deferred policy acquisition costs		75,043,404			73,170,230			68,028,373
Deferred federal income taxes		(13,072,768	)		(23,794,084	)		(21,294,388	)
Salvage and subrogation recoverable		32,351,000			28,706,200			23,510,400
Non-admitted assets and other adjustments, net		1,328,142			712,623			929,862
Fixed maturities		(41,036,366	)		(49,367,986	)		5,958,434
Parent-only equity and other adjustments		(38,542,347	)		(1,553,006	)		(12,283,000	)
Stockholders’ equity	$	479,745,354		$	483,593,012		$	531,036,087

Reconciliation of Statutory Filings to Amounts Reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Reconciliation of Statutory Filings to Amounts Reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Statutory Filings to Amounts Reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements

15 - Reconciliation of Statutory Filings to Amounts Reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements

Our insurance subsidiaries must file financial statements with state insurance regulatory authorities using accounting principles and practices prescribed or permitted by those authorities. We refer to these accounting principles and practices as statutory accounting principles (“SAP”). Accounting principles used to prepare these SAP financial statements differ from those used to prepare financial statements on the basis of GAAP.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2023			2022			2021
Statutory net (loss) income of insurance subsidiaries	$	(2,312,857	)	$	424,058		$	10,750,552
Increases (decreases):
Deferred policy acquisition costs		1,873,174			5,141,857			8,871,415
Deferred federal income taxes		(229,397	)		2,958,735			(1,085,903	)
Salvage and subrogation recoverable		3,644,800			5,195,800			2,551,800
Consolidating eliminations and adjustments		(10,574,579	)		(14,791,466	)		(18,769	)
Parent-only net income (loss)		12,024,363			(888,389	)		4,185,079
Net income (loss)	$	4,425,504		$	(1,959,405	)	$	25,254,174

	December 31,
	2023			2022			2021
Statutory capital and surplus of insurance subsidiaries	$	463,674,289		$	455,719,035		$	466,186,406
Increases (decreases):
Deferred policy acquisition costs		75,043,404			73,170,230			68,028,373
Deferred federal income taxes		(13,072,768	)		(23,794,084	)		(21,294,388	)
Salvage and subrogation recoverable		32,351,000			28,706,200			23,510,400
Non-admitted assets and other adjustments, net		1,328,142			712,623			929,862
Fixed maturities		(41,036,366	)		(49,367,986	)		5,958,434
Parent-only equity and other adjustments		(38,542,347	)		(1,553,006	)		(12,283,000	)
Stockholders’ equity	$	479,745,354		$	483,593,012		$	531,036,087

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Dec. 31, 2023
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Organization and Business Donegal Mutual Insurance Company (“Donegal Mutual”) organized us as an insurance holding company on August 26, 1986. Our insurance subsidiaries are Atlantic States Insurance Company (“Atlantic States”), Michigan Insurance Company (“MICO”), the Peninsula Insurance Group (“Peninsula”), which consists of The Peninsula Insurance Company and its wholly owned subsidiary Peninsula Indemnity Company, and Southern Insurance Company of Virginia (“Southern”). Our insurance subsidiaries and their affiliates write commercial and personal lines of property and casualty coverages exclusively through a network of independent insurance agents in certain Mid-Atlantic, Midwestern, New England, Southern and Southwestern states. At December 31, 2023, we had three segments: our investment function, our commercial lines of insurance and our personal lines of insurance. The commercial lines products of our insurance subsidiaries consist primarily of commercial automobile, commercial multi-peril and workers’ compensation policies. The personal lines products of our insurance subsidiaries consist primarily of homeowners and private passenger automobile policies. At December 31, 2023, Donegal Mutual held approximately 44% of our outstanding Class A common stock and approximately 84% of our outstanding Class B common stock. This ownership provides Donegal Mutual with approximately 71% of the total voting power of our common stock. Our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual have interrelated operations due to a pooling agreement and other intercompany agreements and transactions. While each company maintains its separate corporate existence, our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual conduct business together as the Donegal Insurance Group. As such, Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries share the same business philosophy, the same management, the same employees and the same facilities and offer the same types of insurance products. Atlantic States, our largest subsidiary, participates in a proportional reinsurance agreement (the “pooling agreement”) with Donegal Mutual. Under the pooling agreement, Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States contribute substantially all of their respective premiums, losses and loss expenses to the underwriting pool, and the underwriting pool, acting through Donegal Mutual, then allocates 80% of the pooled business to Atlantic States. Thus, Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States share the underwriting results of the pooled business in proportion to their respective participation in the underwriting pool. In addition, Donegal Mutual has a 100% quota-share reinsurance agreement with Southern Mutual Insurance Company (“Southern Mutual”). Donegal Mutual places its assumed business from Southern Mutual into the underwriting pool. Donegal Mutual completed the merger of Mountain States Mutual Casualty Company (“Mountain States”) with and into Donegal Mutual effective May 25, 2017. Donegal Mutual was the surviving company in the merger, and Mountain States’ insurance subsidiaries, Mountain States Indemnity Company and Mountain States Commercial Insurance Company (collectively, the “Mountain States insurance subsidiaries”), became insurance subsidiaries of Donegal Mutual upon completion of the merger. Upon completion of the merger, Donegal Mutual assumed all of the policy obligations of Mountain States and began to market its products together with the Mountain States insurance subsidiaries as the Mountain States Insurance Group in four Southwestern states. Donegal Mutual also entered into a 100% quota-share reinsurance agreement with the Mountain States insurance subsidiaries on the merger date. Beginning with policies effective in 2021, Donegal Mutual began to place the business of the Mountain States Insurance Group into the underwriting pool. The same executive management and underwriting personnel administer products, classes of business underwritten, pricing practices and underwriting standards of Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries. In addition, as the Donegal Insurance Group, Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries share a combined business plan to achieve market penetration and underwriting profitability objectives. The products our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual market are generally complementary, thereby allowing the Donegal Insurance Group to offer a broader range of products to a given market and to expand the Donegal Insurance Group’s ability to service an entire personal lines or commercial lines account. Distinctions within the products of Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries generally relate to specific risk profiles targeted within similar classes of business, such as preferred tier versus standard tier products, but we do not allocate all of the standard risk gradients to one company. Therefore, the underwriting profitability of the business the individual companies write directly will vary. However, the underwriting pool homogenizes the risk characteristics of all business that Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States write directly. The business Atlantic States derives from the underwriting pool represents a significant percentage of our total consolidated revenues. We refer to Note 3 - Transactions with Affiliates for more information regarding the pooling agreement. Basis of Consolidation Our consolidated financial statements, which we have prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), include our accounts and those of our wholly owned subsidiaries. We have eliminated all significant inter-company accounts and transactions in consolidation. The terms “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company” as we use them in the notes to our consolidated financial statements refer to the consolidated entity. Use of Estimates In preparing our consolidated financial statements, our management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the balance sheet and revenues and expenses for the period then ended. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. We make estimates and assumptions that could have a significant effect on amounts and disclosures we report in our consolidated financial statements. The most significant estimates relate to our insurance subsidiaries’ reserves for property and casualty insurance unpaid losses and loss expenses. While we believe our estimates and the estimates of our insurance subsidiaries are appropriate, the ultimate amounts may differ from the estimates provided. We regularly review our methods for making these estimates as well as the continuing appropriateness of the estimated amounts, and we reflect any adjustment we consider necessary in our current results of operations. Reclassification We have made certain reclassifications in our prior period financial statements to conform to the current year presentation. Investments We classify our debt securities into the following categories: Held to Maturity - Debt securities that we have the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity; reported at amortized cost. Available for Sale - Debt securities not classified as held to maturity; reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from income and reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity (net of tax effects). Short-term investments are carried at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. We make estimates concerning the valuation of our investments and, as applicable, the recognition of declines in the value of our investments. For equity securities, we measure investments at fair value, and we recognize changes in fair value in our results of operations. With respect to an available-for-sale debt security that is in an unrealized loss position, we first assess if we intend to sell the debt security. If we determine we intend to sell the debt security, we recognize the impairment loss in our results of operations. If we do not intend to sell the debt security, we determine whether it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the debt security prior to recovery. If we determine it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the debt security prior to recovery, we recognize the impairment loss in our results of operations. If we determine it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell the debt security prior to recovery, we then evaluate whether a credit loss has occurred with respect to that security. We determine whether a credit loss has occurred by comparing the amortized cost of the debt security to the present value of the cash flows we expect to collect. If we expect a cash flow shortfall, we consider that a credit loss has occurred. If we determine that a credit loss has occurred, we establish an allowance for credit loss. We then recognize the amount of the allowance in our results of operations, and we recognize the remaining portion of the impairment loss in our other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. We regularly review the allowance for credit losses and recognize changes in the allowance in our results of operations. In addition, we may write down securities in an unrealized loss position based on a number of other factors, including when the fair value of an investment is significantly below its cost, when the financial condition of the issuer of a security has deteriorated, the occurrence of industry, issuer or geographic events that have negatively impacted the value of a security and rating agency downgrades. For held-to-maturity debt securities, we make estimates concerning expected credit losses at an aggregated level rather that monitoring individual debt securities for credit losses. We establish an allowance for expected credit losses based on an ongoing review of securities held, historical loss data, changes in issuer credit standing and other relevant factors. We utilize a probability-of-default methodology, which reflects current and forecasted economic conditions, to estimate the allowance for expected credit losses and recognize changes to the allowance in our results of operations. We amortize premiums and discounts on debt securities over the life of the security as an adjustment to yield using the effective interest method. We compute investment gains and losses using the specific identification method. We amortize premiums and discounts for mortgage-backed debt securities using anticipated prepayments. Fair Values of Financial Instruments We use the following methods and assumptions in estimating our fair value disclosures: Investments - We present our investments in available-for-sale fixed maturity and equity securities at estimated fair value. The estimated fair value of a security may differ from the amount that we could realize if we sold the security in a forced transaction. In addition, the valuation of fixed maturity investments is more subjective when markets are less liquid, increasing the potential that the estimated fair value does not reflect the price at which an actual transaction would occur. We utilize nationally recognized independent pricing services to estimate fair values for our fixed maturity and equity investments. We generally obtain two prices per security. The pricing services utilize market quotations for fixed maturity and equity securities that have quoted prices in active markets. For fixed maturity securities that generally do not trade on a daily basis, the pricing services prepare estimates of fair value measurements based predominantly on observable market inputs. The pricing services do not use broker quotes in determining the fair values of our investments. Our investment personnel review the estimates of fair value the pricing services provide to determine if the estimates we obtain are representative of fair values based upon the general knowledge of our investment personnel of the market, their research findings related to unusual fluctuations in value and their comparison of such values to execution prices for similar securities. Our investment personnel monitor the market and are familiar with current trading ranges for similar securities and the pricing of specific investments. Our investment personnel review all pricing estimates that we receive from the pricing services against their expectations with respect to pricing based on fair market curves, security ratings, coupon rates, security type and recent trading activity. Our investment personnel review documentation with respect to the pricing services’ pricing methodology that they obtain periodically to determine if the primary pricing sources, market inputs and pricing frequency for various security types are reasonable. We refer to Note 5 - Fair Value Measurements for more information regarding our methods and assumptions in estimating fair values. Cash and Short-Term Investments - The carrying amounts we report in the balance sheet for these instruments approximate their fair values. Premiums and Reinsurance Receivables and Payables - The carrying amounts we report in the balance sheet for these instruments related to premiums and paid losses and loss expenses approximate their fair values. Revenue Recognition Our insurance subsidiaries recognize insurance premiums as income over the terms of the policies they issue. Our insurance subsidiaries calculate unearned premiums on a daily pro-rata basis. Policy Acquisition Costs We defer our insurance subsidiaries’ policy acquisition costs, consisting primarily of commissions, premium taxes and certain other underwriting costs, reduced by ceding commissions, related directly to the successful acquisition of new or renewal insurance contracts. We amortize these deferred policy acquisition costs over the period in which our insurance subsidiaries earn the premiums. The method we follow in computing deferred policy acquisition costs limits the amount of such deferred costs to their estimated realizable value, which gives effect to the premium to be earned, related investment income, losses and loss expenses and certain other costs we expect to incur as our insurance subsidiaries earn the premium. Estimates in the calculation of policy acquisition costs have not shown material variability because of uncertainties in applying accounting principles or as a result of sensitivities to changes in key assumptions. Property and Equipment We report property and equipment at depreciated cost that we compute using the straight-line method based upon estimated useful lives of the assets. Losses and Loss Expenses Liabilities for losses and loss expenses are estimates at a given point in time of the amounts an insurer expects to pay with respect to incurred policyholder claims based on facts and circumstances the insurer knows at that point in time. For example, legislative, judicial and regulatory actions may expand coverage definitions, retroactively mandate coverage or otherwise require our insurance subsidiaries to pay losses for damages that their policies explicitly excluded or did not intend to cover. At the time of establishing its estimates, an insurer recognizes that its ultimate liability for losses and loss expenses will exceed or be less than such estimates. Our insurance subsidiaries base their estimates of liabilities for losses and loss expenses on assumptions as to future loss trends, expected claims severity, judicial theories of liability and other factors. However, during the loss adjustment period, our insurance subsidiaries may learn additional facts regarding individual claims, and, consequently, it often becomes necessary for our insurance subsidiaries to refine and adjust their estimates for these liabilities. We reflect any adjustments to the liabilities for losses and loss expenses of our insurance subsidiaries in our consolidated results of operations in the period in which our insurance subsidiaries make adjustments to their estimates. Our insurance subsidiaries maintain liabilities for the payment of losses and loss expenses with respect to both reported and unreported claims. Our insurance subsidiaries establish these liabilities for the purpose of covering the ultimate costs of settling all losses, including investigation and litigation costs. Our insurance subsidiaries base the amount of their liability for reported losses primarily upon a case-by-case evaluation of the type of risk involved, knowledge of the circumstances surrounding each claim and the insurance policy provisions relating to the type of loss the policyholder incurred. Our insurance subsidiaries determine the amount of their liability for unreported claims and loss expenses on the basis of historical information by line of insurance. Our insurance subsidiaries account for inflation in the reserving function through analysis of costs and trends and reviews of historical reserving results. Our insurance subsidiaries monitor their liabilities closely and recompute them periodically using new information on reported claims and a variety of statistical techniques. Our insurance subsidiaries do not discount their liabilities for losses and loss expenses. Reserve estimates can change over time because of unexpected changes in assumptions related to our insurance subsidiaries’ external environment and, to a lesser extent, assumptions related to our insurance subsidiaries’ internal operations. For example, our insurance subsidiaries have experienced an increase in claims severity and a lengthening of the claim settlement periods on bodily injury claims during the past several years. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic and related government mandates and restrictions resulted in various changes from historical claims reporting and settlement trends during 2020 and resulted in significant increases in loss costs in 2022 and 2023 due to a number of factors, including supply chain disruption, higher new and used automobile values, increases in the cost of replacement automobile parts and rising labor rates. While these trend changes have begun to normalize, they caused significant disruption to historical loss patterns and give rise to greater uncertainty as to the pattern of future loss settlements. Related uncertainties regarding future trends include social inflation, availability and cost of replacement automobile parts and building materials, availability of skilled labor, the rate of plaintiff attorney involvement in claims and the cost of medical technologies and procedures. Assumptions related to our insurance subsidiaries’ external environment include the absence of significant changes in tort law and the legal environment that increase liability exposure, consistency in judicial interpretations of insurance coverage and policy provisions and the rate of loss cost inflation. Internal assumptions include consistency in the recording of premium and loss statistics, consistency in the recording of claims, payment and case reserving methodology, accurate measurement of the impact of rate changes and changes in policy provisions, consistency in the quality and characteristics of business written within a given line of business and consistency in reinsurance coverage and collectability of reinsured losses, among other items. To the extent our insurance subsidiaries determine that underlying factors impacting their assumptions have changed, our insurance subsidiaries make adjustments in their reserves that they consider appropriate for such changes. Accordingly, our insurance subsidiaries’ ultimate liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses will likely differ from the amount recorded. Our insurance subsidiaries seek to enhance their underwriting results by carefully selecting the product lines they underwrite. Our insurance subsidiaries’ personal lines products primarily include standard and preferred risks in private passenger automobile and homeowners lines. Our insurance subsidiaries’ commercial lines products primarily include business offices, wholesalers, service providers, contractors, artisans and light manufacturing operations. Our insurance subsidiaries have limited exposure to asbestos and other environmental liabilities. Income Taxes We currently file a consolidated federal income tax return that includes us and our insurance subsidiaries. We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. The objective of the asset and liability method is to establish deferred tax assets and liabilities for the temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of our assets and liabilities at enacted tax rates we expect to be in effect when we realize or settle such amounts. Credit Risk Our objective is to earn competitive returns by investing in a diversified portfolio of securities. Our portfolio of fixed maturity securities and, to a lesser extent, short-term investments is subject to credit risk. We define this risk as the potential loss in fair value resulting from adverse changes in the borrower’s ability to repay its debt to us. We manage this risk by performing an analysis of prospective investments and through regular reviews of our portfolio by our investment personnel. We also limit the amount of our total investment portfolio that we invest in any one security. Our insurance subsidiaries provide property and liability insurance coverages through independent insurance agencies located throughout their operating areas. Our insurance subsidiaries bill the majority of this business directly to their policyholders, although our insurance subsidiaries bill a portion of their commercial business through their agents, to whom they extend credit in the normal course of business. Our insurance subsidiaries have reinsurance agreements with Donegal Mutual and with a number of major unaffiliated reinsurers. Reinsurance Accounting and Reporting Our insurance subsidiaries rely upon reinsurance agreements to limit their maximum net loss from large single risks or risks in concentrated areas and to increase their capacity to write insurance. Reinsurance does not relieve our insurance subsidiaries from liability to their respective policyholders. To the extent that a reinsurer cannot pay losses for which it is liable under the terms of a reinsurance agreement with one or more of our insurance subsidiaries, our insurance subsidiaries retain continued liability for such losses. However, in an effort to reduce the risk of non-payment, our insurance subsidiaries require all of their reinsurers to have an A.M. Best rating of A- or better or, with respect to foreign reinsurers, to have a financial condition that, in the opinion of our management, is equivalent to a company with an A.M. Best rating of A- or better. We refer to Note 10 - Reinsurance for more information regarding the reinsurance agreements of our insurance subsidiaries. We report reinsurance receivable net of an allowance for expected credit losses. We establish an allowance for expected credit losses based upon our ongoing review of amounts outstanding, historical loss data, changes in reinsurer credit standing and other relevant factors. We utilize a probability-of-default methodology, which reflects current and forecasted economic conditions, to estimate the allowance for expected credit losses and recognize changes to the allowance in our results of operations. Stock-Based Compensation We measure all share-based payments to our directors and the directors and employees of our subsidiaries and affiliates, including grants of stock options, using a fair-value-based method and record such expense in our results of operations. In determining the expense we record for stock options we grant to our directors and the directors and employees of our subsidiaries and affiliates, we estimate the fair value of each option award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The significant assumptions we utilize in applying the Black-Scholes option pricing model are the risk-free interest rate, expected term, dividend yield and expected volatility. In 2023, 2022 and 2021, we realized $139,135, $360,452 and $438,850, respectively, in tax benefits upon the exercise of stock options. Earnings Per Share We calculate basic earnings per share by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. We have two classes of common stock, which we refer to as Class A common stock and Class B common stock. Our Class A common stock is entitled to the declaration and payment of cash dividends that are at least 10% higher than those we declare and pay on our Class B common stock. Accordingly, we use the two-class method for the computation of earnings per common share. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share separately for each class of common stock based on dividends declared and an allocation of remaining undistributed earnings using a participation percentage that reflects the dividend rights of each class. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the underlying fair value of acquired entities. When completing acquisitions, we seek also to identify separately identifiable intangible assets that we have acquired. We assess goodwill and intangible assets with an indefinite useful life for impairment annually. We also assess goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment upon the occurrence of certain events. In making our assessment, we consider a number of factors including operating results, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows and current market data. Inherent uncertainties exist with respect to these factors and to our judgment in applying them when we make our assessment. Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets could result from changes in economic and operating conditions in future periods.

Transactions with Affiliates, Reinsurance Pooling and Other Reinsurance Arrangements (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Reinsurance Pooling and Other Reinsurance Arrangements [Abstract]
Premiums and losses related to certain products	66.20%	70.30%	74.00%
Atlantic States [Member]
Reinsurance Pooling and Other Reinsurance Arrangements [Abstract]
Percentage of share in results of pooled business subsidiary	80.00%
Donegal Mutual [Member]
Reinsurance Pooling and Other Reinsurance Arrangements [Abstract]
Premiums and losses related to certain products	100.00%
Percentage of share in results of pooled business owned by third party	20.00%

Investments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Investments [Abstract]

Amortized Cost and Estimated Fair Values of Fixed Maturities

The amortized cost and estimated fair values of our fixed maturities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	2023
	Carrying Value			Allowance for Credit Losses			Amortized Cost			Gross Unrealized Gains			Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
(in thousands)
Held to Maturity
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies		$	91,517,359		$	54,668		$	91,572,027		$	—		$	8,885,420		$	82,686,607
Obligations of states and political subdivisions			376,897,952			265,977			377,163,929			1,448,585			46,844,714			331,767,800
Corporate securities			201,847,288			999,685			202,846,973			207,628			14,804,569			188,250,032
Mortgage-backed securities			9,234,439			5,517			9,239,956			—			418,057			8,821,899
Totals		$	679,497,038		$	1,325,847		$	680,822,885		$	1,656,213		$	70,952,760		$	611,526,338

	2023
Available for Sale	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	89,367,383	$	199,299	$	4,146,999	$	85,419,683
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		41,957,742		11,665		3,853,623		38,115,784
Corporate securities		211,882,285		100,014		15,189,332		196,792,967
Mortgage-backed securities		286,520,103		594,023		18,094,317		269,019,809
Totals	$	629,727,513	$	905,001	$	41,284,271	$	589,348,243

	2022
Held to Maturity	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	103,362,028	$	856	$	10,566,154	$	92,796,730
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		382,097,461		1,809,879		60,494,134		323,413,206
Corporate securities		190,948,922		—		20,510,543		170,438,379
Mortgage-backed securities		12,030,949		—		634,583		11,396,366
Totals	$	688,439,360	$	1,810,735	$	92,205,414	$	598,044,681

	2022
Available for Sale	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	68,537,456	$	108,683	$	5,124,827	$	63,521,312
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		45,448,157		33,994		5,326,367		40,155,784
Corporate securities		218,040,945		8,315		15,211,215		202,838,045
Mortgage-backed securities		239,886,169		155,278		22,764,657		217,276,790
Totals	$	571,912,727	$	306,270	$	48,427,066	$	523,791,931

Amortized Cost and Estimated Fair Value of Fixed Maturities by Contractual Maturity

We set forth below the amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturities at December 31, 2023 by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Held to maturity
Due in one year or less	$	19,007,881	$	18,869,262
Due after one year through five years		105,894,799		102,016,841
Due after five years through ten years		251,405,744		230,975,966
Due after ten years		295,274,505		250,842,370
Mortgage-backed securities		9,239,956		8,821,899
Total held to maturity	$	680,822,885	$	611,526,338

Available for sale
Due in one year or less	$	35,774,037	$	35,384,044
Due after one year through five years		175,526,581		166,257,527
Due after five years through ten years		105,858,004		95,629,511
Due after ten years		26,048,788		23,057,352
Mortgage-backed securities		286,520,103		269,019,809
Total available for sale	$	629,727,513	$	589,348,243

Cost and Estimated Fair Values of Equity Securities

The cost and estimated fair values of our equity securities at December 31, 2023 were as follows:

	Cost		Gross Gains		Gross Losses		Estimated Fair Value

Equity securities	$	18,843,929	$	7,059,027	$	—	$	25,902,956

The cost and estimated fair values of our equity securities at December 31, 2022 were as follows:

	Cost		Gross Gains		Gross Losses		Estimated Fair Value

Equity securities	$	30,770,633	$	5,666,467	$	1,332,260	$	35,104,840

Net Investment Income, consisting Primarily of Interest and Dividends

We derived net investment income, consisting primarily of interest and dividends, from the following sources:

	2023			2022			2021
Fixed maturities	$	40,445,697		$	34,945,437		$	32,343,878
Equity securities		765,881			897,429			1,437,948
Short-term investments		2,471,998			817,428			321,117
Other		29,250			29,250			29,250
Investment income		43,712,826			36,689,544			34,132,193
Investment expenses		(2,859,611	)		(2,673,432	)		(3,006,562	)
Net investment income	$	40,853,215		$	34,016,112		$	31,125,631

Gross Investment Gains and Losses before Applicable Income Taxes

We present below gross gains and losses from investments and the change in the difference between fair value and cost of investments:

	2023			2022			2021
Gross realized gains:
Fixed maturities	$	1,059,244		$	1,149,761		$	676,724
Equity securities		2,662,661			1,765,923			1,430,465
Real estate		—			477,287			—
		3,721,905			3,392,971			2,107,189
Gross realized losses:
Fixed maturities		3,300,351			2,129,736			294,126
Equity securities		732,940			4,113,526			462,335
		4,033,291			6,243,262			756,461
Net realized (losses) gains		(311,386	)		(2,850,291	)		1,350,728
Gross unrealized gains on equity securities		3,651,125			258,532			5,627,949
Gross unrealized losses on equity securities		(109,125	)		(7,593,038	)		(501,391	)
Increase in allowance for credit losses		(57,807	)		—			—
Net investment gains (losses)	$	3,172,807		$	(10,184,797	)	$	6,477,286

Change in difference between fair value and cost of investments:
Fixed maturities	$	28,839,658		$	(177,147,840	)	$	(27,576,934	)
Equity securities		2,724,820			15,823,189			4,010,973
Totals	$	31,564,478		$	(161,324,651	)	$	(23,565,961	)

Fixed Maturities with Unrealized Losses

We held fixed maturities with unrealized losses representing declines that we considered temporary at December 31, 2023 as follows:

	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	32,223,934	$	217,164	$	116,537,998	$	12,815,255
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		13,097,410		67,913		307,429,319		50,630,424
Corporate securities		13,065,558		324,293		353,862,937		29,669,608
Mortgage-backed securities		46,964,057		220,436		178,112,881		18,291,938
Totals	$	105,350,959	$	829,806	$	955,943,135	$	111,407,225

We held fixed maturities with unrealized losses representing declines that we considered temporary at December 31, 2022 as follows:

	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	90,245,322	$	5,326,954	$	47,237,638	$	10,364,027
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		261,464,427		49,327,324		47,945,038		16,493,177
Corporate securities		298,706,256		22,272,711		72,959,284		13,449,047
Mortgage-backed securities		143,885,626		10,940,722		69,878,986		12,458,518
Totals	$	794,301,631	$	87,867,711	$	238,020,946	$	52,764,769

Impact of New Accounting Standards	12 Months Ended
Impact of New Accounting Standards	Dec. 31, 2023
Impact of New Accounting Standards [Abstract]
Impact of New Accounting Standards	2 - Impact of New Accounting Standards In September 2016, the FASB issued guidance that amended previous guidance on the impairment of financial instruments by adding an impairment model that requires an entity to recognize expected credit losses as an allowance rather than impairments as credit losses are incurred. The intent of this guidance is to reduce complexity and result in a more timely recognition of expected credit losses. In November 2019, the FASB issued guidance that delayed the effective date for “smaller reporting companies,” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K, to annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022 from December 15, 2019. We were a smaller reporting company at the time this guidance was issued, and our adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2023 resulted in an after-tax decrease in retained earnings of $1.9 million. The adoption of this guidance did not have a significant impact on our results of operations or cash flows.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for change in accounting principle. Includes, but is not limited to, nature, reason, and method of adopting amendment to accounting standards or other change in accounting principle.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company, Condensed Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Assets [Abstract]
Short-term investments	$ 32,305,408	$ 57,321,111
Cash	23,792,273	25,123,332
Property and equipment	2,633,405	2,755,105
Other	451,011	1,123,098
Total assets	2,266,293,888	2,243,349,335
Liabilities [Abstract]
Cash dividends declared to stockholders	5,569,992	5,296,990
Total liabilities	1,786,548,534	1,759,756,323
Stockholders' equity	479,745,354	483,593,012	$ 531,036,087	$ 517,774,120
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	2,266,293,888	2,243,349,335
Parent Company [Member]
Assets [Abstract]
Investment in subsidiaries/affiliates (equity method)	506,855,000	509,513,000
Short-term investments	1,469,000	7,325,000
Cash	8,043,000	3,288,000	$ 14,375,000	$ 15,321,000
Property and equipment	504,000	586,000
Other	4,866,000	4,589,000
Total assets	521,737,000	525,301,000
Liabilities [Abstract]
Cash dividends declared to stockholders	5,570,000	5,297,000
Notes payable to subsidiary	35,000,000	35,000,000
Other	1,422,000	1,411,000
Total liabilities	41,992,000	41,708,000
Stockholders' equity	479,745,000	483,593,000
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 521,737,000	$ 525,301,000

Investments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Investments [Abstract]

Investments

4 - Investments

The amortized cost and estimated fair values of our fixed maturities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	2023
	Carrying Value			Allowance for Credit Losses			Amortized Cost			Gross Unrealized Gains			Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
(in thousands)
Held to Maturity
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies		$	91,517,359		$	54,668		$	91,572,027		$	—		$	8,885,420		$	82,686,607
Obligations of states and political subdivisions			376,897,952			265,977			377,163,929			1,448,585			46,844,714			331,767,800
Corporate securities			201,847,288			999,685			202,846,973			207,628			14,804,569			188,250,032
Mortgage-backed securities			9,234,439			5,517			9,239,956			—			418,057			8,821,899
Totals		$	679,497,038		$	1,325,847		$	680,822,885		$	1,656,213		$	70,952,760		$	611,526,338

	2023
Available for Sale	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	89,367,383	$	199,299	$	4,146,999	$	85,419,683
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		41,957,742		11,665		3,853,623		38,115,784
Corporate securities		211,882,285		100,014		15,189,332		196,792,967
Mortgage-backed securities		286,520,103		594,023		18,094,317		269,019,809
Totals	$	629,727,513	$	905,001	$	41,284,271	$	589,348,243

	2022
Held to Maturity	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	103,362,028	$	856	$	10,566,154	$	92,796,730
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		382,097,461		1,809,879		60,494,134		323,413,206
Corporate securities		190,948,922		—		20,510,543		170,438,379
Mortgage-backed securities		12,030,949		—		634,583		11,396,366
Totals	$	688,439,360	$	1,810,735	$	92,205,414	$	598,044,681

	2022
Available for Sale	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	68,537,456	$	108,683	$	5,124,827	$	63,521,312
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		45,448,157		33,994		5,326,367		40,155,784
Corporate securities		218,040,945		8,315		15,211,215		202,838,045
Mortgage-backed securities		239,886,169		155,278		22,764,657		217,276,790
Totals	$	571,912,727	$	306,270	$	48,427,066	$	523,791,931

At December 31, 2023, our holdings of obligations of states and political subdivisions included general obligation bonds with an aggregate fair value of $245.1 million and an amortized cost of $278.3 million. Our holdings also included special revenue bonds with an aggregate fair value of $124.8 million and an amortized cost of $140.8 million. With respect to both categories of bonds, we held no securities of any issuer that comprised more than 10% of that category at December 31, 2023. Education bonds and water and sewer utility bonds represented 47% and 35%, respectively, of our total investments in special revenue bonds based on their carrying values at December 31, 2023. Many of the issuers of the special revenue bonds we held at December 31, 2023 have the authority to impose ad valorem taxes. In that respect, many of the special revenue bonds we held are similar to general obligation bonds.

At December 31, 2022, our holdings of obligations of states and political subdivisions included general obligation bonds with an aggregate fair value of $240.7 million and an amortized cost of $283.5 million. Our holdings also included special revenue bonds with an aggregate fair value of $122.9 million and an amortized cost of $144.0 million. With respect to both categories of bonds, we held no securities of any issuer that comprised more than 10% of that category at December 31, 2022. Education bonds and water and sewer utility bonds represented 48% and 35%, respectively, of our total investments in special revenue bonds based on their carrying values at December 31, 2022. Many of the issuers of the special revenue bonds we held at December 31, 2022 have the authority to impose ad valorem taxes. In that respect, many of the special revenue bonds we held are similar to general obligation bonds.

We have segregated within accumulated other comprehensive loss the net unrealized losses of $15.1 million arising prior to the November 30, 2013 reclassification date for fixed maturities reclassified from available for sale to held to maturity. We are amortizing this balance over the remaining life of the related securities as an adjustment of yield in a manner consistent with the accretion of discount on the same fixed maturities. We recorded amortization of $284,095, $510,819 and $897,073 in other comprehensive income in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, net unrealized losses of $1.3 million and $4.7 million, respectively, remained within accumulated other comprehensive loss.

	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Held to maturity
Due in one year or less	$	19,007,881	$	18,869,262
Due after one year through five years		105,894,799		102,016,841
Due after five years through ten years		251,405,744		230,975,966
Due after ten years		295,274,505		250,842,370
Mortgage-backed securities		9,239,956		8,821,899
Total held to maturity	$	680,822,885	$	611,526,338

Available for sale
Due in one year or less	$	35,774,037	$	35,384,044
Due after one year through five years		175,526,581		166,257,527
Due after five years through ten years		105,858,004		95,629,511
Due after ten years		26,048,788		23,057,352
Mortgage-backed securities		286,520,103		269,019,809
Total available for sale	$	629,727,513	$	589,348,243

The cost and estimated fair values of our equity securities at December 31, 2023 were as follows:

	Cost		Gross Gains		Gross Losses		Estimated Fair Value

Equity securities	$	18,843,929	$	7,059,027	$	—	$	25,902,956

The cost and estimated fair values of our equity securities at December 31, 2022 were as follows:

	Cost		Gross Gains		Gross Losses		Estimated Fair Value

Equity securities	$	30,770,633	$	5,666,467	$	1,332,260	$	35,104,840

The amortized cost of fixed maturities on deposit with various regulatory authorities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 amounted to $10,499,430 and $9,473,047, respectively.

We derived net investment income, consisting primarily of interest and dividends, from the following sources:

	2023			2022			2021
Fixed maturities	$	40,445,697		$	34,945,437		$	32,343,878
Equity securities		765,881			897,429			1,437,948
Short-term investments		2,471,998			817,428			321,117
Other		29,250			29,250			29,250
Investment income		43,712,826			36,689,544			34,132,193
Investment expenses		(2,859,611	)		(2,673,432	)		(3,006,562	)
Net investment income	$	40,853,215		$	34,016,112		$	31,125,631

We present below gross gains and losses from investments and the change in the difference between fair value and cost of investments:

	2023			2022			2021
Gross realized gains:
Fixed maturities	$	1,059,244		$	1,149,761		$	676,724
Equity securities		2,662,661			1,765,923			1,430,465
Real estate		—			477,287			—
		3,721,905			3,392,971			2,107,189
Gross realized losses:
Fixed maturities		3,300,351			2,129,736			294,126
Equity securities		732,940			4,113,526			462,335
		4,033,291			6,243,262			756,461
Net realized (losses) gains		(311,386	)		(2,850,291	)		1,350,728
Gross unrealized gains on equity securities		3,651,125			258,532			5,627,949
Gross unrealized losses on equity securities		(109,125	)		(7,593,038	)		(501,391	)
Increase in allowance for credit losses		(57,807	)		—			—
Net investment gains (losses)	$	3,172,807		$	(10,184,797	)	$	6,477,286

Change in difference between fair value and cost of investments:
Fixed maturities	$	28,839,658		$	(177,147,840	)	$	(27,576,934	)
Equity securities		2,724,820			15,823,189			4,010,973
Totals	$	31,564,478		$	(161,324,651	)	$	(23,565,961	)

We held fixed maturities with unrealized losses representing declines that we considered temporary at December 31, 2023 as follows:

	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	32,223,934	$	217,164	$	116,537,998	$	12,815,255
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		13,097,410		67,913		307,429,319		50,630,424
Corporate securities		13,065,558		324,293		353,862,937		29,669,608
Mortgage-backed securities		46,964,057		220,436		178,112,881		18,291,938
Totals	$	105,350,959	$	829,806	$	955,943,135	$	111,407,225

We held fixed maturities with unrealized losses representing declines that we considered temporary at December 31, 2022 as follows:

	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	90,245,322	$	5,326,954	$	47,237,638	$	10,364,027
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		261,464,427		49,327,324		47,945,038		16,493,177
Corporate securities		298,706,256		22,272,711		72,959,284		13,449,047
Mortgage-backed securities		143,885,626		10,940,722		69,878,986		12,458,518
Totals	$	794,301,631	$	87,867,711	$	238,020,946	$	52,764,769

We held 869 debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2023. Based upon our analysis of general market conditions and underlying factors impacting these debt securities, we considered these declines in value to be temporary.

We did not recognize any impairment losses on specific securities in 2023, 2022 or 2021. We had no sales or transfers from our held to maturity portfolio in 2023, 2022 or 2021. We had no derivative instruments or hedging activities during 2023, 2022 or 2021.

SCHEDULE III - SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Supplementary Insurance Information by Segment [Abstract]
Net Premiums Earned	$ 882,071	$ 822,490	$ 776,015
Net Investment Income	40,853	34,016	31,126
Net Losses and Loss Expenses	609,178	564,079	520,710
Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs	154,214	142,430	128,733
Other Underwriting Expenses	151,748	137,924	129,368
Net Premiums Written	895,697	843,530	804,267
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs	75,043	73,170
Liability For Losses and Loss Expenses	1,126,157	1,121,046
Unearned Premiums	599,411	577,653
Other Policy Claims and Benefits Payable	0	0
Commercial Lines [Member]
Supplementary Insurance Information by Segment [Abstract]
Net Premiums Earned	533,029	521,227	478,966
Net Investment Income	0	0	0
Net Losses and Loss Expenses	345,401	342,456	321,483
Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs	94,842	91,965	84,927
Other Underwriting Expenses	93,325	89,056	85,345
Net Premiums Written	528,429	530,846	512,674
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs	42,775	43,756
Liability For Losses and Loss Expenses	869,393	859,842
Unearned Premiums	341,664	345,437
Other Policy Claims and Benefits Payable	0	0
Personal Lines [Member]
Supplementary Insurance Information by Segment [Abstract]
Net Premiums Earned	349,042	301,263	297,049
Net Investment Income	0	0	0
Net Losses and Loss Expenses	263,777	221,623	199,227
Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs	59,372	50,465	43,806
Other Underwriting Expenses	58,423	48,868	44,023
Net Premiums Written	367,268	312,684	291,593
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs	32,268	29,414
Liability For Losses and Loss Expenses	256,764	261,204
Unearned Premiums	257,747	232,216
Other Policy Claims and Benefits Payable	0	0
Investments [Member]
Supplementary Insurance Information by Segment [Abstract]
Net Premiums Earned	0	0	0
Net Investment Income	40,853	34,016	31,126
Net Losses and Loss Expenses	0	0	0
Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs	0	0	0
Other Underwriting Expenses	0	0	0
Net Premiums Written	0	0	$ 0
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs	0	0
Liability For Losses and Loss Expenses	0	0
Unearned Premiums	0	0
Other Policy Claims and Benefits Payable	$ 0	$ 0

Segment Information, Financial Data by Segment (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Premiums earned [Abstract]
Premiums earned	$ 882,071,386	$ 822,489,450	$ 776,015,201
Net investment income	40,853,215	34,016,112	31,125,631
Investment gains (losses)	3,172,807	(10,184,797)	6,477,286
Total revenues	927,337,984	848,220,546	816,465,791
Underwriting (loss) income [Abstract]
Net investment income	40,853,215	34,016,112	31,125,631
Net investment gains (losses)	3,172,807	(10,184,797)	6,477,286
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)	5,063,476	(3,638,099)	30,338,508
Operating Segments [Member]
Premiums earned [Abstract]
Premiums earned	882,071,000	822,490,000	776,015,000
Net investment income	40,853,000	34,016,000	31,126,000
Investment gains (losses)	3,173,000	(10,185,000)	6,477,000
Other	1,241,000	1,900,000	2,848,000
Total revenues	927,338,000	848,221,000	816,466,000
Underwriting (loss) income [Abstract]
SAP underwriting loss	(42,116,000)	(36,171,000)	(17,939,000)
GAAP adjustments	3,735,000	8,667,000	9,945,000
GAAP underwriting loss	(38,381,000)	(27,504,000)	(7,994,000)
Net investment income	40,853,000	34,016,000	31,126,000
Net investment gains (losses)	3,173,000	(10,185,000)	6,477,000
Other	(582,000)	35,000	730,000
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)	5,063,000	(3,638,000)	30,339,000
Commercial Lines [Member] \| Operating Segments [Member]
Premiums earned [Abstract]
Premiums earned	533,029,000	521,227,000	478,966,000
Underwriting (loss) income [Abstract]
SAP underwriting loss	(6,998,000)	(22,665,000)	(35,174,000)
Personal Lines [Member] \| Operating Segments [Member]
Premiums earned [Abstract]
Premiums earned	349,042,000	301,263,000	297,049,000
Underwriting (loss) income [Abstract]
SAP underwriting loss	$ (35,118,000)	$ (13,506,000)	$ 17,235,000

Segment Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Segment Information [Abstract]

Segment Information

19 - Segment Information

We have three reportable segments, which consist of our investment function, our commercial lines of insurance and our personal lines of insurance. Using independent agents, our insurance subsidiaries market commercial lines of insurance to small and medium-sized businesses and personal lines of insurance to individuals.

We evaluate the performance of the commercial lines and personal lines primarily based upon our insurance subsidiaries’ underwriting results as determined under SAP for our total business.

We do not allocate assets to the commercial and personal lines and review the two segments in total for purposes of decision-making. We operate only in the United States, and no single customer or agent provides 10 percent or more of our revenues.

Financial data by segment is as follows:

	2023		2022			2021
	(in thousands)
Revenues:
Premiums earned:
Commercial lines	$	533,029	$	521,227		$	478,966
Personal lines		349,042		301,263			297,049
GAAP premiums earned		882,071		822,490			776,015
Net investment income		40,853		34,016			31,126
Investment gains (losses)		3,173		(10,185	)		6,477
Other		1,241		1,900			2,848
Total revenues	$	927,338	$	848,221		$	816,466

	2023			2022			2021
	(in thousands)
Income (loss) before income taxes:
Underwriting (loss) income:
Commercial lines	$	(6,998	)	$	(22,665	)	$	(35,174	)
Personal lines		(35,118	)		(13,506	)		17,235
SAP underwriting loss		(42,116	)		(36,171	)		(17,939	)
GAAP adjustments		3,735			8,667			9,945
GAAP underwriting loss		(38,381	)		(27,504	)		(7,994	)
Net investment income		40,853			34,016			31,126
Investment gains (losses)		3,173			(10,185	)		6,477
Other		(582	)		35			730
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	5,063		$	(3,638	)	$	30,339

- Definition

The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-15

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 31
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 42
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-42

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (f)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 40
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-40

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//280/tableOfContent

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 26
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-26

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 34
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-34

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 41
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-21

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-21

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

+ Details

Transactions with Affiliates (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Transactions with Affiliates [Abstract]

Schedule of Reinsurance Atlantic States Ceded to Pool

The following amounts represent reinsurance Atlantic States ceded to the pool during 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023		2022		2021
Premiums earned	$	332,272,662	$	314,321,443	$	305,729,418
Losses and loss expenses		238,055,099		202,228,589		222,737,225
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		161,991,511		154,472,615		152,323,262
Liability for losses and loss expenses		299,947,390		277,641,902		274,033,812

Schedule of Reinsurance Atlantic States Assumed from Pool

The following amounts represent reinsurance Atlantic States assumed from the pool during 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023		2022		2021
Premiums earned	$	583,559,746	$	578,216,706	$	573,891,394
Losses and loss expenses		409,051,306		395,794,813		383,455,320
Unearned premiums		286,147,727		280,031,908		289,976,879
Liability for losses and loss expenses		507,527,839		496,849,769		455,564,733

Schedule of Reinsurance Ceded to Donegal Mutual Pursuant to these Quota-Share Reinsurance Agreements

The following amounts represent reinsurance ceded to Donegal Mutual pursuant to these quota-share reinsurance agreements during 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023		2022		2021
Premiums earned	$	168,243	$	17,989,939	$	37,996,474
Losses and loss expenses		2,902,422		5,194,974		20,037,608
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		—		—		18,548,821
Liability for losses and loss expenses		17,852,153		22,642,908		36,659,853

Schedule of Insurance Subsidiaries Ceded to Donegal Mutual Pursuant to these Reinsurance Agreements

The following amounts represent reinsurance that our insurance subsidiaries ceded to Donegal Mutual pursuant to these reinsurance agreements during 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023		2022		2021
Premiums earned	$	13,215,814	$	13,800,018	$	17,574,161
Losses and loss expenses		17,895,306		10,517,709		9,309,624
Liability for losses and loss expenses		2,497,244		1,271,006		1,658,057

Schedule of Effect of Affiliated Reinsurance Transactions on Net Premiums of Subsidiaries Earned

The following amounts represent the effect of affiliated reinsurance transactions on net premiums our insurance subsidiaries earned during 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023			2022			2021
Assumed	$	583,559,746		$	578,216,706		$	573,891,394
Ceded		(345,656,717	)		(346,111,400	)		(361,300,053	)
Net	$	237,903,029		$	232,105,306		$	212,591,341

Schedule of Effect of Affiliated Reinsurance Transactions on Net Losses and Loss Expenses Insurance Subsidiaries Incurred

The following amounts represent the effect of affiliated reinsurance transactions on net losses and loss expenses our insurance subsidiaries incurred during 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023			2022			2021
Assumed	$	409,051,306		$	395,790,312		$	383,452,056
Ceded		(258,852,827	)		(217,941,272	)		(252,084,457	)
Net	$	150,198,479		$	177,849,040		$	131,367,599

Guaranty Fund and Other Insurance-Related Assessments (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Guaranty Fund and Other Insurance-Related Assessments [Abstract]
Insurance subsidiaries' liabilities for guaranty fund and other insurance	$ 1,900,000	$ 1,900,000
Surcharges collected by insurance subsidiaries	$ 702,261	$ 663,883

Borrowings, Subordinated Debentures (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Borrowings, Subordinated Debentures (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Subordinated Debentures [Abstract]
Payment on subordinated debentures		$ 0	$ 0	$ 5,000,000
Subordinated Debentures [Member] \| MICO [Member]
Subordinated Debentures [Abstract]
Payment on subordinated debentures	$ 5,000,000
Accrued interest	$ 178,082

Statutory Net Income, Capital and Surplus and Dividend Restrictions (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statutory Accounting Practices [Abstract]
Statutory capital and surplus	$ 463,674,289	$ 455,719,035	$ 466,186,406
Statutory net income (loss)	(2,312,857)	424,058	10,750,552
Available for distribution as dividends	39,600,000
Atlantic States [Member]
Statutory Accounting Practices [Abstract]
Statutory capital and surplus	273,626,140	263,579,356	278,883,189
Statutory unassigned surplus	167,301,333	158,056,862	174,073,348
Statutory net income (loss)	7,193,716	(3,124,687)	(7,417,845)
Available for distribution as dividends	27,400,000
MICO [Member]
Statutory Accounting Practices [Abstract]
Statutory capital and surplus	71,608,571	75,441,871	75,197,207
Statutory unassigned surplus	49,582,271	53,422,483	53,201,571
Statutory net income (loss)	3,298,940	(233,391)	7,704,417
Available for distribution as dividends	7,200,000
Peninsula [Member]
Statutory Accounting Practices [Abstract]
Statutory capital and surplus	50,398,403	52,234,684	47,867,789
Statutory unassigned surplus	32,089,203	33,925,484	29,558,589
Statutory net income (loss)	4,121,754	4,192,697	3,536,404
Available for distribution as dividends	5,000,000
Southern [Member]
Statutory Accounting Practices [Abstract]
Statutory capital and surplus	68,041,175	64,463,124	64,238,221
Statutory unassigned surplus	(8,907,602)	7,523,951	7,330,382
Statutory net income (loss)	$ (16,927,267)	$ (410,561)	$ 6,927,576

Statutory Net Income, Capital and Surplus and Dividend Restrictions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Statutory Net Income, Capital and Surplus and Dividend Restrictions [Abstract]

State Insurance Regulatory Authorities

The following table presents selected information, as filed with state insurance regulatory authorities, for our insurance subsidiaries as determined in accordance with accounting practices prescribed or permitted by such insurance regulatory authorities:

	2023			2022			2021
Atlantic States:
Statutory capital and surplus	$	273,626,140		$	263,579,356		$	278,883,189
Statutory unassigned surplus		167,301,333			158,056,862			174,073,348
Statutory net income (loss)		7,193,716			(3,124,687	)		(7,417,845	)
MICO:
Statutory capital and surplus		71,608,571			75,441,871			75,197,207
Statutory unassigned surplus		49,582,271			53,422,483			53,201,571
Statutory net income (loss)		3,298,940			(233,391	)		7,704,417
Peninsula:
Statutory capital and surplus		50,398,403			52,234,684			47,867,789
Statutory unassigned surplus		32,089,203			33,925,484			29,558,589
Statutory net income		4,121,754			4,192,697			3,536,404
Southern:
Statutory capital and surplus		68,041,175			64,463,124			64,238,221
Statutory unassigned surplus		(8,907,602	)		7,523,951			7,330,382
Statutory net (loss) income		(16,927,267	)		(410,561	)		6,927,576

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of how the entity's reporting under GAAP as of the balance sheet date differs from the results based on prescribed and permitted accounting practices of the state or country of domicile in which a relevant statutory filing is made, or differences in results based on the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) prescribed practices, or a combination thereof. Describes the accounting practices used and the related monetary effect on statutory surplus, net income, and risk-based capital. If an insurance enterprise's risk-based capital would have triggered a regulatory event had it not used a permitted practice, that fact is disclosed in the financial statements. Permitted statutory accounting practices include practices not prescribed but allowed by the domiciliary state insurance department regulatory authority.

+ References + Details

Reinsurance

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Reinsurance [Abstract]

Reinsurance

10 - Reinsurance

Unaffiliated Reinsurers

Our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual participate in a consolidated third-party reinsurance program, for which the coverage and parameters are common to all of our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual. The program utilizes several different reinsurers, all of which have an A.M. Best rating of A- (Excellent) or better or, with respect to foreign reinsurers, have a financial condition that, in the opinion of our management, is equivalent to a company with at least an A- rating from A.M. Best. The following information describes the external reinsurance Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries had in place for 2023:

•

excess of loss reinsurance, under which Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries recovered losses over a set retention of $3.0 million for all losses other than workers’ compensation and a retention of $2.0 million for workers’ compensation losses; and

•

catastrophe reinsurance, under which Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries recovered 100% of an accumulation of many losses resulting from a single event, including natural disasters, over a set retention of $25.0 million up to aggregate losses of $175.0 million per occurrence.

As many as 24 reinsurers provided coverage for 2023 on any one treaty with no reinsurer taking more than 17.5% of any one treaty. The amount of coverage provided under each of these types of reinsurance depended upon the amount, nature, size and location of the risks being reinsured.

In order to write automobile insurance in the State of Michigan, MICO is required to be a member of the Michigan Catastrophic Claims Association (“MCCA”). The MCCA provides reinsurance to MICO for personal automobile and commercial automobile personal injury claims in the state of Michigan over a set retention.

In addition to the pooling agreement and third-party reinsurance, our insurance subsidiaries had a catastrophe reinsurance agreement with Donegal Mutual, under which each of our insurance subsidiaries recovered 100% of an accumulation of multiple losses resulting from a single event, including natural disasters, over a set retention of $3.0 million up to aggregate losses of $22.0 million per occurrence. The agreement also provided additional coverage for an accumulation of losses from a single event including a combination of our insurance subsidiaries over a combined retention of $6.0 million.

Our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual also purchased facultative reinsurance to cover certain exposures, including property exposures in excess of the covered limits of their respective treaty reinsurance.

The following amounts represent ceded reinsurance transactions with unaffiliated reinsurers during 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023		2022		2021
Premiums written	$	43,030,879	$	37,002,702	$	38,173,733
Premiums earned		42,416,710		36,947,675		37,984,833
Losses and loss expenses		16,318,760		31,096,016		29,999,528
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		6,732,955		6,118,784		6,063,759
Liability for losses and loss expenses		116,717,187		149,628,406		138,909,584

Total Reinsurance

The following amounts represent total ceded reinsurance transactions with both affiliated and unaffiliated reinsurers during 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023		2022		2021
Premiums earned	$	388,073,427	$	383,059,075	$	399,284,886
Losses and loss expenses		275,171,587		249,037,288		282,083,985
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		168,724,466		160,591,399		176,935,842
Liability for losses and loss expenses		437,013,974		451,184,222		451,261,306

The following amounts represent the effect of reinsurance on premiums written for 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023			2022			2021
Direct	$	702,227,408		$	641,971,207		$	609,204,706
Assumed		589,675,724			568,272,026			601,864,198
Ceded		(396,206,492	)		(366,714,634	)		(406,802,395	)
Net premiums written	$	895,696,640		$	843,528,599		$	804,266,509

The following amounts represent the effect of reinsurance on premiums earned for 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023			2022			2021
Direct	$	686,584,907		$	627,331,528		$	601,408,581
Assumed		583,559,906			578,216,997			573,891,506
Ceded		(388,073,427	)		(383,059,075	)		(399,284,886	)
Net premiums earned	$	882,071,386		$	822,489,450		$	776,015,201
Percentage of assumed premiums earned to net premiums earned		66.2	%		70.3	%		74.0	%

Income Taxes, Operating Loss Carryforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Abstract]
Other deferred tax assets, net	$ 38.4	$ 39.8
DGI Parent [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Abstract]
Valuation allowance related to the portion of operating loss carryforwards	$ 8.1	$ 8.1

Stock Compensation Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Stock Compensation Plans [Abstract]

Information Regarding Activity in Stock Option Plans

Information regarding activity in our stock option plans follows:

	Number of Options			Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share
Outstanding at December 31, 2020		9,694,352		$	15.24
Granted - 2021		906,500			14.39
Exercised - 2021		(946,646	)		13.00
Forfeited - 2021		(404,664	)		15.69
Expired - 2021		(1,139,816	)		16.40
Outstanding at December 31, 2021		8,109,726			15.22
Granted - 2022		956,600			14.08
Exercised - 2022		(1,202,806	)		14.50
Forfeited - 2022		(545,618	)		15.35
Expired - 2022		(935,723	)		16.81
Outstanding at December 31, 2022		6,382,179			14.94
Granted - 2023		959,200			13.87
Exercised - 2023		(493,866	)		13.79
Forfeited - 2023		(379,288	)		15.29
Expired - 2023		(1,415,897	)		15.81
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		5,052,328		$	14.58
Exercisable at:
December 31, 2021		6,297,849		$	15.43
December 31, 2022		4,627,630		$	15.21
December 31, 2023		3,234,327		$	14.90

Summary of Information about Stock Options Outstanding

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 2023:

Grant Date	Exercise Price		Number of Options Outstanding		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life	Number of Options Exercisable
December 18, 2014	$	15.80		883,839	1.0 years		883,839
December 19, 2019		14.98		819,765	1.0 years		819,765
December 17, 2020		14.43		701,024	2.0 years		701,024
January 4, 2021		14.07		10,000	2.0 years		10,000
December 16, 2021		14.39		764,500	3.0 years		509,666
February 9, 2022		14.15		2,000	3.1 years		2,000
April 18, 2022		13.28		10,000	3.3 years		6,667
December 15, 2022		14.09		904,100	4.0 years		301,366
December 21, 2023		13.87		957,100	5.0 years		—
	Total			5,052,328			3,234,327

Summary of Plan Activity

A summary of plan activity follows:

	Shares Issued
	Price		Shares
January 1, 2021	$	11.96		23,336
July 1, 2021		11.88		24,619
January 1, 2022		12.15		24,907
July 1, 2022		11.56		23,454
January 1, 2023		12.07		26,545
July 1, 2023		12.27		28,912

Transactions with Affiliates, Lease Agreement (Details) - Office Equipment [Member]	Dec. 31, 2023
Minimum [Member]
Lease Agreement [Abstract]
Lease agreement term	3 years
Maximum [Member]
Lease Agreement [Abstract]
Lease agreement term	10 years

Liability for Losses and Loss Expenses, Reconciliation of Net Incurred and Paid Claims Development Tables to Liability for Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Reconciliation of Net Incurred and Paid Claims Development [Abstract]
Net outstanding liabilities	$ 636,711,000
Reinsurance recoverable	418,387,000
Unallocated loss adjustment expenses	71,059,000
Gross liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses	1,126,156,838	$ 1,121,045,758	$ 1,077,620,301	$ 962,007,437
Personal Automobile [Member]
Reconciliation of Net Incurred and Paid Claims Development [Abstract]
Net outstanding liabilities	104,457,000
Reinsurance recoverable	98,157,000
Homeowners [Member]
Reconciliation of Net Incurred and Paid Claims Development [Abstract]
Net outstanding liabilities	25,294,000
Reinsurance recoverable	15,325,000
Commercial Automobile [Member]
Reconciliation of Net Incurred and Paid Claims Development [Abstract]
Net outstanding liabilities	157,172,000
Reinsurance recoverable	94,517,000
Commercial Multi-Peril [Member]
Reconciliation of Net Incurred and Paid Claims Development [Abstract]
Net outstanding liabilities	201,748,000
Reinsurance recoverable	118,979,000
Workers Compensation [Member]
Reconciliation of Net Incurred and Paid Claims Development [Abstract]
Net outstanding liabilities	113,124,000
Reinsurance recoverable	84,766,000
Other [Member]
Reconciliation of Net Incurred and Paid Claims Development [Abstract]
Net outstanding liabilities	34,916,000
Reinsurance recoverable	$ 6,643,000

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fixed maturities
Held to maturity, at amortized cost (fair value $611,526,338 and $598,044,681; net of allowance for expected credit losses of $1,325,847 and $0)	$ 679,497,038	$ 688,439,360
Available for sale, at fair value (amortized cost $629,727,513 and $571,912,727)	589,348,243	523,791,931
Equity securities, at fair value	25,902,956	35,104,840
Short-term investments, at cost, which approximates fair value	32,305,408	57,321,111
Total investments	1,327,053,645	1,304,657,242
Cash	23,792,273	25,123,332
Accrued investment income	9,945,714	8,861,292
Premiums receivable	179,591,821	173,846,294
Reinsurance receivable (net of allowance for expected credit losses of $1,394,074 and $0)	441,431,334	456,522,223
Deferred policy acquisition costs	75,043,404	73,170,230
Deferred tax asset, net	19,532,525	21,603,017
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	168,724,465	160,591,399
Property and equipment, net	2,633,405	2,755,105
Accounts receivable - securities	1,501,079	1,842
Federal income taxes recoverable	8,102,321	8,510,897
Due from affiliate	1,907,527	0
Goodwill	5,625,354	5,625,354
Other intangible assets	958,010	958,010
Other	451,011	1,123,098
Total assets	2,266,293,888	2,243,349,335
Liabilities
Losses and loss expenses	1,126,156,838	1,121,045,758
Unearned premiums	599,411,468	577,653,130
Accrued expenses	3,946,974	4,226,390
Reinsurance balances payable	8,758,976	3,495,824
Borrowings under lines of credit	35,000,000	35,000,000
Cash dividends declared to stockholders	$ 5,569,992	$ 5,296,990
Other Liability, Related Party, Type [Extensible Enumeration]	Affiliated Entity [Member]	Affiliated Entity [Member]
Total liabilities	$ 1,786,548,534	$ 1,759,756,323
Stockholders' Equity
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, authorized 2,000,000 shares; none issued	0	0
Additional paid-in capital	335,694,478	325,601,647
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(32,881,822)	(41,703,747)
Retained earnings	217,794,917	240,563,774
Treasury stock, at cost	(41,226,357)	(41,226,357)
Total stockholders' equity	479,745,354	483,593,012
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	2,266,293,888	2,243,349,335
Class A Common Stock [Member]
Stockholders' Equity
Common stock value	307,646	301,203
Class B Common Stock [Member]
Stockholders' Equity
Common stock value	56,492	56,492
Related Party [Member]
Liabilities
Other	0	5,173,289
Nonrelated Party [Member]
Liabilities
Other	$ 7,704,286	$ 7,864,942

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income Taxes [Abstract]

Income Taxes

11 - Income Taxes

Our provision for income tax expense (benefit) for 2023, 2022 and 2021 consisted of the following:

	2023		2022			2021
Current federal income tax	$	408,575	$	1,280,041		$	3,998,431
Deferred federal income tax		229,397		(2,958,735	)		1,085,903
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	637,972	$	(1,678,694	)	$	5,084,334

Our effective tax rate is different from the amount computed at the statutory federal rate of 21%. The reasons for such difference and the related tax effects are as follows:

	2023			2022			2021
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)	$	5,063,476		$	(3,638,099	)	$	30,338,508
Tax at federal statutory rate		1,063,330			(764,001	)		6,371,087
Tax-exempt interest		(1,328,312	)		(1,446,102	)		(1,491,154	)
Proration		351,415			384,944			401,717
Dividends received deduction		(77,348	)		(93,675	)		(115,713	)
Stock options		595,602			216,893			148,320
Additional tax paid for prior year		159,261			(6,071	)		(15,874	)
Other, net		(125,976	)		29,318			(214,049	)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	637,972		$	(1,678,694	)	$	5,084,334

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of our deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	2023			2022
Deferred tax assets:
Unearned premium	$	18,130,477		$	17,560,126
Loss reserves		10,067,846			9,712,582
Net unrealized losses		8,743,238			11,088,307
Net state operating loss carryforward - DGI Parent		8,072,420			8,068,185
Other		1,492,635			1,472,110
Total gross deferred tax assets		46,506,616			47,901,310
Less valuation allowance		(8,072,420	)		(8,068,185	)
Net deferred tax assets		38,434,196			39,833,125
Deferred tax liabilities:
Deferred policy acquisition costs		15,759,115			15,365,749
Loss reserve transition adjustment		564,002			856,267
Other		2,578,554			2,008,092
Total gross deferred tax liabilities		18,901,671			18,230,108
Net deferred tax asset	$	19,532,525		$	21,603,017

We provide a valuation allowance when we believe it is more likely than not that we will not realize some portion of a deferred tax asset. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, we established a valuation allowance of $8.1 million for our net state operating loss carryforward, which will expire between 2024 and 2043 . We determined that we were not required to establish a valuation allowance for the other net deferred tax assets of $38.4 million and $39.8 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, since it is more likely than not that we will realize these deferred tax assets through reversals of existing temporary differences, future taxable income and our implementation of tax-planning strategies.

We are no longer subject to income tax examinations for tax years prior to 2016. In 2019, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) began a federal income tax audit of our consolidated tax returns for tax years 2016 to 2018. No material issues have been raised and no adjustments have been proposed as a result of this ongoing audit.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-13

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//740/tableOfContent

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-14

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-21

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 270
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482526/740-270-50-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 17
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-2

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2

+ Details

Reinsurance, Ceded Reinsurance Transactions with Unaffiliated Reinsurers (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Unaffiliated Reinsurance [Abstract]
Premiums written	$ 396,206,492	$ 366,714,634	$ 406,802,395
Premiums earned	388,073,427	383,059,075	399,284,886
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	168,724,465	160,591,399
Unaffiliated Entity [Member]
Unaffiliated Reinsurance [Abstract]
Premiums written	43,030,879	37,002,702	38,173,733
Premiums earned	42,416,710	36,947,675	37,984,833
Losses and loss expenses	16,318,760	31,096,016	29,999,528
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	6,732,955	6,118,784	6,063,759
Liability for losses and loss expenses	$ 116,717,187	$ 149,628,406	$ 138,909,584

Investments, Gross Investment Gains and Losses before Applicable Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Net Gains and Losses from Investments [Abstract]
Gross realized gains	$ 3,721,905	$ 3,392,971	$ 2,107,189
Gross realized losses	4,033,291	6,243,262	756,461
Net realized (losses) gains	(311,386)	(2,850,291)	1,350,728
Gross unrealized gains on equity securities	7,059,027	5,666,467
Gross unrealized losses on equity securities	0	(1,332,260)
Increase in allowance for credit losses	(57,807)	0	0
Net investment gains (losses)	3,172,807	(10,184,797)	6,477,286
Change in difference between fair value and cost of investments	31,564,478	(161,324,651)	(23,565,961)
Fixed Maturities [Member]
Net Gains and Losses from Investments [Abstract]
Gross realized gains	1,059,244	1,149,761	676,724
Gross realized losses	3,300,351	2,129,736	294,126
Change in difference between fair value and cost of investments	28,839,658	(177,147,840)	(27,576,934)
Real Estate [Member]
Net Gains and Losses from Investments [Abstract]
Gross realized gains	0	477,287	0
Equity Securities [Member]
Net Gains and Losses from Investments [Abstract]
Gross realized gains	2,662,661	1,765,923	1,430,465
Gross realized losses	732,940	4,113,526	462,335
Gross unrealized gains on equity securities	3,651,125	258,532	5,627,949
Gross unrealized losses on equity securities	(109,125)	(7,593,038)	(501,391)
Change in difference between fair value and cost of investments	$ 2,724,820	$ 15,823,189	$ 4,010,973

Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company, Condensed Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenues [Abstract]
Total revenues	$ 927,337,984	$ 848,220,546	$ 816,465,791
Expenses [Abstract]
Interest	619,813	620,558	895,605
Total expenses	922,274,508	851,858,645	786,127,283
Income (loss) before income tax benefit and equity in undistributed net (loss) income of subsidiaries	5,063,476	(3,638,099)	30,338,508
Income tax benefit	637,972	(1,678,694)	5,084,334
Net income (loss)	4,425,504	(1,959,405)	25,254,174
Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Abstract]
Net income (loss)	4,425,504	(1,959,405)	25,254,174
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Unrealized gain (loss) - subsidiaries	4,246,693	(45,761,476)	(7,544,805)
Comprehensive income (loss)	10,443,527	(46,946,703)	17,407,113
Parent Company [Member]
Revenues [Abstract]
Dividends from subsidiaries	13,000,000	0	5,000,000
Other	638,000	526,000	481,000
Total revenues	13,638,000	526,000	5,481,000
Expenses [Abstract]
Operating expenses	1,202,000	1,245,000	1,223,000
Interest	787,000	787,000	787,000
Total expenses	1,989,000	2,032,000	2,010,000
Income (loss) before income tax benefit and equity in undistributed net (loss) income of subsidiaries	11,649,000	(1,506,000)	3,471,000
Income tax benefit	(375,000)	(618,000)	(714,000)
Income (loss) before equity in undistributed net (loss) income of subsidiaries	12,024,000	(888,000)	4,185,000
Equity in undistributed net (loss) income of subsidiaries	(7,598,000)	(1,071,000)	21,069,000
Net income (loss)	4,426,000	(1,959,000)	25,254,000
Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Abstract]
Net income (loss)	4,426,000	(1,959,000)	25,254,000
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Unrealized gain (loss) - subsidiaries	6,018,000	(44,988,000)	(7,847,000)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	6,018,000	(44,988,000)	(7,847,000)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$ 10,444,000	$ (46,947,000)	$ 17,407,000

Stockholders' Equity (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended			125 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity (Details) - shares	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2023	Jul. 18, 2013
Class of Stock [Abstract]
Minimum percentage of class A common stock declared dividend excess over class B dividend	10.00%
Class B Common Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Abstract]
Treasury stock (in shares)	72,465	72,465		72,465
Class A Common Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Abstract]
Treasury stock (in shares)	3,002,588	3,002,588		3,002,588
Stock Repurchase Program [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Abstract]
Stock repurchased (in shares)	0	0	0	57,658
Maximum [Member] \| Stock Repurchase Program [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Abstract]
Authority to purchase shares (in shares)					500,000

- Definition

Number of shares that have been repurchased during the period and have not been retired and are not held in treasury. Some state laws may govern the circumstances under which an entity may acquire its own stock and prescribe the accounting treatment therefore. This element is used when state law does not recognize treasury stock.

+ References + Details

Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company [Abstract]

Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company

18 - Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company

Condensed Balance Sheets

(in thousands)

December 31,	2023		2022
Assets
Investment in subsidiaries/affiliates (equity method)	$	506,855	$	509,513
Short-term investments		1,469		7,325
Cash		8,043		3,288
Property and equipment		504		586
Other		4,866		4,589
Total assets	$	521,737	$	525,301

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities
Cash dividends declared to stockholders	$	5,570	$	5,297
Notes payable to subsidiary		35,000		35,000
Other		1,422		1,411
Total liabilities		41,992		41,708
Stockholders’ equity		479,745		483,593
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	521,737	$	525,301

Condensed Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(in thousands)

Year Ended December 31,	2023			2022			2021
Statements of Income (Loss)
Revenues
Dividends from subsidiaries	$	13,000		$	—		$	5,000
Other		638			526			481
Total revenues		13,638			526			5,481
Expenses
Operating expenses		1,202			1,245			1,223
Interest		787			787			787
Total expenses		1,989			2,032			2,010
Income (loss) before income tax benefit and equity in undistributed net (loss) income of subsidiaries		11,649			(1,506	)		3,471
Income tax benefit		(375	)		(618	)		(714	)
Income (loss) before equity in undistributed net (loss) income of subsidiaries		12,024			(888	)		4,185
Equity in undistributed net (loss) income of subsidiaries		(7,598	)		(1,071	)		21,069
Net income (loss)	$	4,426		$	(1,959	)	$	25,254
Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Net income (loss)	$	4,426		$	(1,959	)	$	25,254
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Unrealized gain (loss) - subsidiaries		6,018			(44,988	)		(7,847	)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		6,018			(44,988	)		(7,847	)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	10,444		$	(46,947	)	$	17,407

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

Year Ended December 31,	2023			2022			2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	4,426		$	(1,959	)	$	25,254
Adjustments:
Equity in undistributed net loss (income) of subsidiaries		7,598			1,071			(21,069	)
Other		(168	)		(1,972	)		(536	)
Net adjustments		7,430			(901	)		(21,605	)
Net cash provided (used)		11,856			(2,860	)		3,649
Cash flows from investing activities:
Net sale (purchases) of short-term investments		5,856			(7,316	)		—
Net purchase of property and equipment		(45	)		—			(13	)
Investment in subsidiaries		(819	)		(768	)		(916	)
Other		30			(28	)		—
Net cash received (used)		5,022			(8,112	)		(929	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Cash dividends paid		(21,894	)		(20,503	)		(19,099	)
Issuance of common stock		9,771			20,388			15,433
Net cash used		(12,123	)		(115	)		(3,666	)
Net change in cash		4,755			(11,087	)		(946	)
Cash at beginning of year		3,288			14,375			15,321
Cash at end of year	$	8,043		$	3,288		$	14,375

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)	Common Stock [Member] Class A Common Stock [Member]	Common Stock [Member] Class B Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-In Capital [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member] Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member]	Treasury Stock [Member]	Total	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member]
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 276,518	$ 56,492	$ 289,149,567	$ 11,130,612	$ 258,387,288		$ (41,226,357)	$ 517,774,120
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020	27,651,774	5,649,240
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock (stock compensation plans)	$ 1,578		2,161,142					2,162,720
Issuance of common stock (stock compensation plans) (in shares)	157,783
Stock-based compensation	$ 9,466		13,260,855					13,270,321
Stock-based compensation (in shares)	946,646
Net income (loss)					25,254,174			25,254,174
Cash dividends					(19,578,187)			(19,578,187)
Grant of stock options			317,917		(317,917)			0
Other comprehensive income (loss)				(7,847,061)				(7,847,061)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 287,562	$ 56,492	304,889,481	3,283,551	263,745,358		(41,226,357)	531,036,087
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	28,756,203	5,649,240
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock (stock compensation plans)	$ 1,613		2,122,277					2,123,890
Issuance of common stock (stock compensation plans) (in shares)	161,254
Stock-based compensation	$ 12,028		18,252,148					18,264,176
Stock-based compensation (in shares)	1,202,806
Net income (loss)					(1,959,405)			(1,959,405)
Cash dividends					(20,884,438)			(20,884,438)
Grant of stock options			337,741		(337,741)			0
Other comprehensive income (loss)				(44,987,298)				(44,987,298)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 301,203	$ 56,492	325,601,647	(41,703,747)	240,563,774		(41,226,357)	483,593,012
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	30,120,263	5,649,240
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock (stock compensation plans)	$ 1,504		2,081,186					2,082,690
Issuance of common stock (stock compensation plans) (in shares)	150,426
Stock-based compensation	$ 4,939		7,683,782					7,688,721
Stock-based compensation (in shares)	493,866
Net income (loss)					4,425,504			4,425,504
Cash dividends					(22,166,694)			(22,166,694)
Grant of stock options			327,863		(327,863)			0
Reclassification of held-to-maturity transfer				2,803,902	(2,803,902)			0
Other comprehensive income (loss)				6,018,023				6,018,023
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 307,646	$ 56,492	$ 335,694,478	$ (32,881,822)	$ 217,794,917		$ (41,226,357)	$ 479,745,354
Ending balance (ASU 2016-13 [Member]) at Dec. 31, 2023						$ (1,895,902)			$ (1,895,902)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	30,764,555	5,649,240

Investments, Fixed Maturities with Unrealized Losses (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) Securities	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Debt Securities, Fair Value and Unrealized Losses by Fixed Maturities [Abstract]
Less than 12 months, fair value	$ 105,350,959	$ 794,301,631
Less than 12 months, unrealized losses	829,806	87,867,711
More than 12 months, fair value	955,943,135	238,020,946
More than 12 months, unrealized losses	$ 111,407,225	52,764,769
Number of fixed maturity securities classified as available for sale \| Securities	869
Impairment losses	$ 0	0	$ 0
Sales or transfers, held to maturity	0	0	0
Derivative instruments or hedging activities	0	0	$ 0
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. Government Corporations and Agencies [Member]
Debt Securities, Fair Value and Unrealized Losses by Fixed Maturities [Abstract]
Less than 12 months, fair value	32,223,934	90,245,322
Less than 12 months, unrealized losses	217,164	5,326,954
More than 12 months, fair value	116,537,998	47,237,638
More than 12 months, unrealized losses	12,815,255	10,364,027
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions [Member]
Debt Securities, Fair Value and Unrealized Losses by Fixed Maturities [Abstract]
Less than 12 months, fair value	13,097,410	261,464,427
Less than 12 months, unrealized losses	67,913	49,327,324
More than 12 months, fair value	307,429,319	47,945,038
More than 12 months, unrealized losses	50,630,424	16,493,177
Corporate Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Fair Value and Unrealized Losses by Fixed Maturities [Abstract]
Less than 12 months, fair value	13,065,558	298,706,256
Less than 12 months, unrealized losses	324,293	22,272,711
More than 12 months, fair value	353,862,937	72,959,284
More than 12 months, unrealized losses	29,669,608	13,449,047
Mortgage-Backed Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Fair Value and Unrealized Losses by Fixed Maturities [Abstract]
Less than 12 months, fair value	46,964,057	143,885,626
Less than 12 months, unrealized losses	220,436	10,940,722
More than 12 months, fair value	178,112,881	69,878,986
More than 12 months, unrealized losses	$ 18,291,938	$ 12,458,518

Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenues
Net premiums earned (includes affiliated reinsurance of $237,903,029, $232,105,306 and $212,591,341 - see note 3)	$ 882,071,386	$ 822,489,450	$ 776,015,201
Investment income, net of investment expenses	40,853,215	34,016,112	31,125,631
Installment payment fees	894,137	1,516,330	2,416,873
Lease income	346,439	383,451	430,800
Net investment gains (losses) (includes ($2,242,190), ($979,972) and $382,602 accumulated other comprehensive income reclassification)	3,172,807	(10,184,797)	6,477,286
Total revenues	927,337,984	848,220,546	816,465,791
Expenses
Net losses and loss expenses (includes affiliated reinsurance of $150,198,479, $177,849,040 and $131,367,599 - see note 3)	609,177,699	564,078,993	520,709,542
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	154,214,000	142,430,000	128,733,000
Other underwriting expenses	151,747,579	137,923,739	129,367,893
Policyholder dividends	5,313,430	5,560,407	5,198,515
Interest	619,813	620,558	895,605
Other, net	1,201,987	1,244,948	1,222,728
Total expenses	922,274,508	851,858,645	786,127,283
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)	5,063,476	(3,638,099)	30,338,508
Income tax expense (benefit) (includes ($470,860), ($205,794) and $80,346 income tax (benefit) expense from reclassification items)	637,972	(1,678,694)	5,084,334
Net income (loss)	4,425,504	(1,959,405)	25,254,174
Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Net income (loss)	4,425,504	(1,959,405)	25,254,174
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities:
Unrealized holding gain (loss) arising during the period, net of income tax expense (benefit) of $1,285,390, ($12,164,443) and ($2,008,078)	4,246,693	(45,761,476)	(7,544,805)
Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in net income (loss), net of income tax (benefit) expense of ($470,860), ($205,794) and $80,346	1,771,330	774,178	(302,256)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	6,018,023	(44,987,298)	(7,847,061)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$ 10,443,527	$ (46,946,703)	$ 17,407,113
Class A Common Stock [Member]
Basic earnings (loss) per common share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.14	$ (0.06)	$ 0.83
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share:
Diluted (in dollars per share)	0.14	(0.06)	0.83
Class B Common Stock [Member]
Basic earnings (loss) per common share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	0.11	(0.07)	0.74
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share:
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.11	$ (0.07)	$ 0.74

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Fair Value Measurements [Abstract]

Investments in Available-for-Sale Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities

The following table presents our fair value measurements for our investments in available-for-sale fixed maturity and equity securities at December 31, 2023:

	Fair Value Measurements Using
	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	85,419,683	$	—	$	85,419,683	$	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		38,115,784		—		38,115,784		—
Corporate securities		196,792,967		—		196,792,967		—
Mortgage-backed securities		269,019,809		—		269,019,809		—
Equity securities		25,902,956		23,910,968		1,991,988		—
Total investments in the fair value hierarchy	$	615,251,199	$	23,910,968	$	591,340,231	$	—

The following table presents our fair value measurements for our investments in available-for-sale fixed maturity and equity securities at December 31, 2022:

	Fair Value Measurements Using
	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	63,521,312	$	—	$	63,521,312	$	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		40,155,784		—		40,155,784		—
Corporate securities		202,838,045		—		202,838,045		—
Mortgage-backed securities		217,276,790		—		217,276,790		—
Equity securities		35,104,840		32,820,452		2,284,388		—
Total investments in the fair value hierarchy	$	558,896,771	$	32,820,452	$	526,076,319	$	—

Statutory Net Income, Capital and Surplus and Dividend Restrictions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Statutory Net Income, Capital and Surplus and Dividend Restrictions [Abstract]

Statutory Net Income, Capital and Surplus and Dividend Restrictions

14 - Statutory Net Income, Capital and Surplus and Dividend Restrictions

	2023			2022			2021
Atlantic States:
Statutory capital and surplus	$	273,626,140		$	263,579,356		$	278,883,189
Statutory unassigned surplus		167,301,333			158,056,862			174,073,348
Statutory net income (loss)		7,193,716			(3,124,687	)		(7,417,845	)
MICO:
Statutory capital and surplus		71,608,571			75,441,871			75,197,207
Statutory unassigned surplus		49,582,271			53,422,483			53,201,571
Statutory net income (loss)		3,298,940			(233,391	)		7,704,417
Peninsula:
Statutory capital and surplus		50,398,403			52,234,684			47,867,789
Statutory unassigned surplus		32,089,203			33,925,484			29,558,589
Statutory net income		4,121,754			4,192,697			3,536,404
Southern:
Statutory capital and surplus		68,041,175			64,463,124			64,238,221
Statutory unassigned surplus		(8,907,602	)		7,523,951			7,330,382
Statutory net (loss) income		(16,927,267	)		(410,561	)		6,927,576

Our principal source of cash for payment of dividends is dividends from our insurance subsidiaries. State insurance laws require our insurance subsidiaries to maintain certain minimum capital and surplus amounts on a statutory basis. Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to regulations that restrict the payment of dividends from statutory surplus and may require prior approval of their domiciliary insurance regulatory authorities. Our insurance subsidiaries are also subject to risk-based capital (“RBC”) requirements that may further impact their ability to pay dividends. Our insurance subsidiaries’ statutory capital and surplus at December 31, 2023 exceeded the amount of statutory capital and surplus necessary to satisfy regulatory requirements, including the RBC requirements, by a significant margin. Amounts available for distribution to us as dividends from our insurance subsidiaries without prior approval of insurance regulatory authorities in 2024 are approximately $27.4 million from Atlantic States, $7.2 million from MICO and $5.0 million from Peninsula, or a total of approximately $39.6 million.

Transactions with Affiliates

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Transactions with Affiliates [Abstract]

Transactions with Affiliates

3 - Transactions with Affiliates

Our insurance subsidiaries conduct business and have various agreements with Donegal Mutual that we describe in the following subparagraphs:

a. Reinsurance Pooling and Other Reinsurance Arrangements

Atlantic States, our largest insurance subsidiary, and Donegal Mutual have a pooling agreement under which both companies contribute substantially all of their direct written business to the pool and receive an allocated percentage of the pooled underwriting results, excluding certain reinsurance Donegal Mutual assumes from our insurance subsidiaries. Beginning with policies effective in 2021, Donegal Mutual began to place the business of the Mountain States Insurance Group into the underwriting pool. In addition, Donegal Mutual has a 100% quota-share reinsurance agreement with Southern Mutual Insurance Company, or Southern Mutual, and Donegal Mutual places its assumed business from Southern Mutual into the underwriting pool. Atlantic States has an 80% share of the results of the pool, and Donegal Mutual has a 20% share of the results of the pool. The intent of the pooling agreement is to produce more uniform and stable underwriting results from year to year for each pool participant than they would experience individually and to spread the risk of loss between the participants based on each participant’s relative amount of surplus and relative access to capital. Each participant in the pool has at its disposal the capacity of the entire pool, rather than being limited to policy exposures of a size commensurate with its own capital and surplus.

The following amounts represent reinsurance Atlantic States ceded to the pool during 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023		2022		2021
Premiums earned	$	332,272,662	$	314,321,443	$	305,729,418
Losses and loss expenses		238,055,099		202,228,589		222,737,225
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		161,991,511		154,472,615		152,323,262
Liability for losses and loss expenses		299,947,390		277,641,902		274,033,812

The following amounts represent reinsurance Atlantic States assumed from the pool during 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023		2022		2021
Premiums earned	$	583,559,746	$	578,216,706	$	573,891,394
Losses and loss expenses		409,051,306		395,794,813		383,455,320
Unearned premiums		286,147,727		280,031,908		289,976,879
Liability for losses and loss expenses		507,527,839		496,849,769		455,564,733

Donegal Mutual and MICO had a quota-share reinsurance agreement under which Donegal Mutual assumed 25% of the premiums and losses related to the business of MICO for policies effective through December 31, 2021. Donegal Mutual and MICO terminated this reinsurance agreement on a run-off basis effective January 1, 2022. Donegal Mutual and Peninsula had a quota-share reinsurance agreement under which Donegal Mutual assumed 100% of the premiums and losses related to the workers’ compensation product line of Peninsula in certain states for policies effective through December 31, 2021. Donegal Mutual and Peninsula terminated this reinsurance agreement on a run-off basis effective January 1, 2022. Donegal Mutual places its assumed business from MICO and Peninsula into the underwriting pool.

The following amounts represent reinsurance ceded to Donegal Mutual pursuant to these quota-share reinsurance agreements during 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023		2022		2021
Premiums earned	$	168,243	$	17,989,939	$	37,996,474
Losses and loss expenses		2,902,422		5,194,974		20,037,608
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		—		—		18,548,821
Liability for losses and loss expenses		17,852,153		22,642,908		36,659,853

In 2023, each of our insurance subsidiaries had a catastrophe reinsurance agreement with Donegal Mutual that provided coverage under any one catastrophic occurrence above a set retention of $3,000,000, with a combined retention of $6,000,000 for a catastrophe involving a combination of our insurance subsidiaries, up to the amount Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries retained under catastrophe reinsurance agreements with unaffiliated reinsurers. Through December 31, 2022, each of our insurance subsidiaries had a catastrophe reinsurance agreement with Donegal Mutual that provided coverage under any one catastrophic occurrence above a set retention of $2,000,000, with a combined retention of $5,000,000 for a catastrophe involving a combination of our insurance subsidiaries, up to the amount Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries retained under catastrophe reinsurance agreements with unaffiliated reinsurers.

The following amounts represent reinsurance that our insurance subsidiaries ceded to Donegal Mutual pursuant to these reinsurance agreements during 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023		2022		2021
Premiums earned	$	13,215,814	$	13,800,018	$	17,574,161
Losses and loss expenses		17,895,306		10,517,709		9,309,624
Liability for losses and loss expenses		2,497,244		1,271,006		1,658,057

The following amounts represent the effect of affiliated reinsurance transactions on net premiums our insurance subsidiaries earned during 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023			2022			2021
Assumed	$	583,559,746		$	578,216,706		$	573,891,394
Ceded		(345,656,717	)		(346,111,400	)		(361,300,053	)
Net	$	237,903,029		$	232,105,306		$	212,591,341

The following amounts represent the effect of affiliated reinsurance transactions on net losses and loss expenses our insurance subsidiaries incurred during 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023			2022			2021
Assumed	$	409,051,306		$	395,790,312		$	383,452,056
Ceded		(258,852,827	)		(217,941,272	)		(252,084,457	)
Net	$	150,198,479		$	177,849,040		$	131,367,599

b. Expense Sharing

Donegal Mutual provides facilities, management and other services to us and our insurance subsidiaries. In addition, Donegal Mutual purchases and maintains the information technology systems that support the business of Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries. Donegal Mutual allocates certain related expenses to Atlantic States in relation to the relative participation of Atlantic States and Donegal Mutual in the pooling agreement. Our insurance subsidiaries other than Atlantic States reimburse Donegal Mutual for allocated costs of services Donegal Mutual provides on their behalf based on their proportion of the total direct premiums written of the Donegal Insurance Group and other metrics. Donegal Mutual allocates costs related to its development and maintenance of information technology systems over the estimated useful life of those systems (generally five years) and charges a proportionate share of those costs to our insurance subsidiaries based on their percentage of the total net premiums written of the Donegal Insurance Group. Allocated expenses from Donegal Mutual for services it provided to our insurance subsidiaries totaled $218,974,132, $199,177,393 and $186,568,897 for 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Donegal Mutual is currently in the midst of a multi-year effort to modernize certain of its key technology infrastructure and application systems. Donegal Mutual placed three releases of new systems into service in 2020, 2021 and 2023, respectively. Donegal Mutual allocated $10.5 million, $7.6 million and $5.1 million of related costs to our insurance subsidiaries in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Donegal Mutual will allocate to our insurance subsidiaries their proportionate share of the remaining $40.9 million of related costs over the next five years. Donegal Mutual incurred an additional $888,904 of deferred costs related to releases under development that were not yet ready for their intended use at December 31, 2023.

Our management believes that the allocation methods Donegal Mutual utilizes are reasonable. In addition, Donegal Mutual and we maintain a coordinating committee that consists of two members of our board of directors, neither of whom is a member of Donegal Mutual’s board of directors, and two members of Donegal Mutual’s board of directors, neither of whom is a member of our board of directors. The purpose of the coordinating committee is to maintain a process for an ongoing evaluation of the fairness of the terms of all transactions between Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries.

c. Lease Agreement

We lease office equipment with terms ranging from 3 to 10 years to Donegal Mutual under a lease agreement dated January 1, 2011.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for related party transactions. Examples of related party transactions include transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiary; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) and entity and its principal owners; and (d) affiliates.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-2

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-5

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-6

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481062/946-235-50-2

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481062/946-235-50-2

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(g)(3))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(c))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(e))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//850/tableOfContent

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-6

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1

+ Details

Reinsurance, Total Ceded Reinsurance Transactions with both Affiliated and Unaffiliated Reinsurers (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Total Reinsurance [Abstract]
Premiums earned	$ 388,073,427	$ 383,059,075	$ 399,284,886
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	168,724,465	160,591,399
Affiliated Entity and Unaffiliated Entity [Member]
Total Reinsurance [Abstract]
Premiums earned	388,073,427	383,059,075	399,284,886
Losses and loss expenses	275,171,587	249,037,288	282,083,985
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	168,724,466	160,591,399	176,935,842
Liability for losses and loss expenses	$ 437,013,974	$ 451,184,222	$ 451,261,306

Investments, Cost and Estimated Fair Value of Equity Securities (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cost and Estimated Fair Value of Equity Securities [Abstract]
Cost	$ 18,843,929	$ 30,770,633
Gross gains	7,059,027	5,666,467
Gross losses	0	1,332,260
Estimated fair value	25,902,956	35,104,840
Amortized cost of fixed maturities on deposit with various regulatory authorities	$ 10,499,430	$ 9,473,047

Stockholders' Equity	12 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity	Dec. 31, 2023
Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Stockholders' Equity	12 - Stockholders’ Equity Each share of our Class A common stock outstanding at the time of the declaration of any dividend or other distribution payable in cash upon the shares of our Class B common stock is entitled to a dividend or distribution payable at the same time and to stockholders of record on the same date in an amount at least 10% greater than any dividend declared upon each share of our Class B common stock. In the event of our merger or consolidation with or into another entity, the holders of our Class A common stock and the holders of our Class B common stock are entitled to receive the same per share consideration in such merger or consolidation. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, any assets available to common stockholders will be distributed pro-rata to the holders of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock after payment of all of our obligations. On July 18, 2013, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program pursuant to which we have the authority to purchase up to 500,000 additional shares of our Class A common stock at prices prevailing from time to time in the open market subject to the provisions of the SEC Rule 10b-18 and in privately negotiated transactions. We did not purchase any shares of our Class A common stock under this program during 2023, 2022 or 2021. We have purchased a total of 57,658 shares of our Class A common stock under this program from its inception through December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, our treasury stock consisted of 3,002,588 and 72,465 shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock, respectively.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for equity.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Earnings Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Net Income (Loss) Per Share [Abstract]

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

17 - Earnings Per Share

We have two classes of common stock, which we refer to as Class A common stock and Class B common stock. Our Class A common stock is entitled to be paid cash dividends that are at least 10% higher than the cash dividends we pay on our Class B common stock. Accordingly, we use the two-class method for the computation of earnings per common share. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share separately for each class of common stock based on dividends declared and an allocation of remaining undistributed earnings using a participation percentage reflecting the dividend rights of each class.

We present below a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators we used in the basic and diluted per share computations for our Class A common stock:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022			2021
Basic earnings (loss) per share:
Numerator:
Allocation of net income (loss)	$	3,788	$	(1,571	)	$	21,131
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding		27,469		26,409			25,388
Basic earnings (loss) per share	$	0.14	$	(0.06	)	$	0.83
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Numerator:
Allocation of net income (loss)	$	3,788	$	(1,571	)	$	21,131
Denominator:
Number of shares used in basic computation		27,469		26,409			25,388
Weighted-average effect of dilutive securities
Add: Director and employee stock options		94		—			146
Number of shares used in per share computations		27,563		26,409			25,534
Diluted earnings (loss) per share	$	0.14	$	(0.06	)	$	0.83

We used the following information in the basic and diluted per share computations for our Class B common stock:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022			2021
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Numerator:
Allocation of net income (loss)	$	638	$	(388	)	$	4,123
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding		5,577		5,577			5,577
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share	$	0.11	$	(0.07	)	$	0.74

We did not include any effect of dilutive securities in the computation of diluted loss per share for 2022 because we sustained a net loss for the period.

Earnings Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Net Income (Loss) Per Share [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Numerators and Denominators Used in Basic and Diluted Per Share Computations

We present below a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators we used in the basic and diluted per share computations for our Class A common stock:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022			2021
Basic earnings (loss) per share:
Numerator:
Allocation of net income (loss)	$	3,788	$	(1,571	)	$	21,131
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding		27,469		26,409			25,388
Basic earnings (loss) per share	$	0.14	$	(0.06	)	$	0.83
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Numerator:
Allocation of net income (loss)	$	3,788	$	(1,571	)	$	21,131
Denominator:
Number of shares used in basic computation		27,469		26,409			25,388
Weighted-average effect of dilutive securities
Add: Director and employee stock options		94		—			146
Number of shares used in per share computations		27,563		26,409			25,534
Diluted earnings (loss) per share	$	0.14	$	(0.06	)	$	0.83

We used the following information in the basic and diluted per share computations for our Class B common stock:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022			2021
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Numerator:
Allocation of net income (loss)	$	638	$	(388	)	$	4,123
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding		5,577		5,577			5,577
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share	$	0.11	$	(0.07	)	$	0.74

Investments, Summary (Details) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
Investments, Summary (Details) - USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2013	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Investments [Abstract]
Net unrealized losses arising prior to reclassification date	$ 15,100,000
Amortization of other comprehensive loss		$ 284,095	$ 510,819	$ 897,073
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		$ (32,881,822)	$ (41,703,747)
Minimum [Member]
Investments [Abstract]
Percentage of which the company held security of any issuer		10.00%	10.00%
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions [Member]
Investments [Abstract]
Aggregate fair value of bond held		$ 245,100,000	$ 240,700,000
Amortized cost of bond held		278,300,000	283,500,000
Special Revenue Bonds [Member]
Investments [Abstract]
Aggregate fair value of bond held		124,800,000	122,900,000
Amortized cost of bond held		$ 140,800,000	$ 144,000,000
Education Bonds [Member]
Investments [Abstract]
Percentage of investments in special revenue bonds		47.00%	48.00%
Water and Sewer Utility Bonds [Member]
Investments [Abstract]
Percentage of investments in special revenue bonds		35.00%	35.00%
Accumulated Net Unrealized Investment Losses [Member]
Investments [Abstract]
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		$ 1,300,000	$ 4,700,000

Borrowings

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Borrowings [Abstract]

Borrowings

9 - Borrowings

Lines of Credit

In August 2020, we entered into a credit agreement with Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company (“M&T”) that related to a $20.0 million unsecured demand line of credit. The line of credit has no expiration date, no annual fees and no covenants. At December 31, 2023, we had no outstanding borrowings from M&T and had the ability to borrow up to $20.0 million at interest rates equal to the then-current Term SOFR rate plus 2.11%.

Atlantic States is a member of the FHLB of Pittsburgh. Through its membership, Atlantic States has the ability to issue debt to the FHLB of Pittsburgh in exchange for cash advances. Atlantic States has a fixed-rate cash advance of $35.0 million that was outstanding at December 31, 2023. The cash advance carries a fixed interest rate of 1.74% and is due in August 2024. In March 2020, Atlantic States issued $50.0 million of debt to the FHLB of Pittsburgh in exchange for a cash advance in the same amount that carried a fixed interest rate of 0.83%. Atlantic States obtained this contingent liquidity funding in light of uncertainty surrounding the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Atlantic States repaid this advance when it became due in March 2021.

FHLB stock purchased and owned as part of the agreement	$	1,591,800
Collateral pledged, at par (carrying value $42,729,397)		45,690,038
Borrowing capacity currently available		5,107,416

Subordinated Debentures

In September 2021, upon receipt of approval from the Michigan Department of Insurance and Financial Services, MICO repaid in full the $5.0 million surplus note held previously by Donegal Mutual, along with accrued interest of $178,082.

Borrowings, Lines of Credit (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Borrowings, Lines of Credit (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2023	Aug. 31, 2020
FHLB of Pittsburgh [Member] \| Atlantic States [Member]
Federal Home Loan Bank of Stock Purchased, Collateral Pledged and Assets Related [Abstract]
FHLB stock purchased and owned as part of the agreement		$ 1,591,800
Collateral pledged, at par (carrying value $42,471,534)		45,690,038
Borrowing capacity currently available		5,107,416
FHLB of Pittsburgh [Member] \| Atlantic States [Member] \| Asset Pledged as Collateral without Right [Member]
Federal Home Loan Bank of Stock Purchased, Collateral Pledged and Assets Related [Abstract]
Collateral pledged at carrying value		42,729,397
Lines of Credit [Member] \| Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Abstract]
Unsecured demand line of credit			$ 20,000,000
Outstanding borrowings		0
Line of credit facility remaining borrowing capacity		$ 20,000,000
Lines of Credit [Member] \| Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company [Member] \| SOFR [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Abstract]
Interest rate		2.11%
Lines of Credit [Member] \| FHLB of Pittsburgh [Member] \| Atlantic States [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Abstract]
Federal home loan bank, cash advance at fixed rate advances		$ 35,000,000
Fixed interest rate on advances		1.74%
Debt instrument due date	Mar. 31, 2021	Aug. 31, 2024
Debt issued amount	$ 50,000,000
Fixed interest rate	0.83%

Transactions with Affiliates, Affiliated Reinsurance Transactions on Net Premiums of Insurance Subsidiaries Earned (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Reinsurance Pooling and Other Reinsurance Arrangements [Abstract]
Assumed	$ 583,559,906	$ 578,216,997	$ 573,891,506
Ceded	(388,073,427)	(383,059,075)	(399,284,886)
Net	237,903,029	232,105,306	212,591,341
Insurance Subsidiaries [Member]
Reinsurance Pooling and Other Reinsurance Arrangements [Abstract]
Assumed	583,559,746	578,216,706	573,891,394
Ceded	(345,656,717)	(346,111,400)	(361,300,053)
Net	$ 237,903,029	$ 232,105,306	$ 212,591,341

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs [Abstract]
Beginning Balance	$ 73,170,230	$ 68,028,373	$ 59,156,958
Acquisition costs deferred	156,087,174	147,571,857	137,604,415
Amortization charged to earnings	(154,214,000)	(142,430,000)	(128,733,000)
Ending Balance	$ 75,043,404	$ 73,170,230	$ 68,028,373

- Definition

Amount of amortization expense (reversal of expense) for deferred policy acquisition costs.

+ References + Details

Reinsurance, Unaffiliated Reinsurers (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) InsuranceCoverage
Unaffiliated Reinsurance [Abstract]
Loss reinsurance agreement contracts retention amount	$ 3.0
Workers' compensation and retention amount	$ 2.0
Number of reinsurance coverages \| InsuranceCoverage	24
Percentage of reinsurer coverage	17.50%
Third Party Reinsurance [Member]
Unaffiliated Reinsurance [Abstract]
Percentage of accumulation of losses	100.00%
Catastrophe reinsurance, set retention amount	$ 25.0
Maximum amount of loss coverage under reinsurance agreement of property catastrophe	$ 175.0
Donegal Mutual [Member]
Unaffiliated Reinsurance [Abstract]
Percentage of accumulation of losses	100.00%
Catastrophe reinsurance, set retention amount	$ 3.0
Maximum amount of loss coverage under reinsurance agreement of property catastrophe	22.0
Additional coverage amount	$ 6.0

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs [Abstract]

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs

Changes in our insurance subsidiaries’ deferred policy acquisition costs are as follows:

	2023			2022			2021
Balance, January 1	$	73,170,230		$	68,028,373		$	59,156,958
Acquisition costs deferred		156,087,174			147,571,857			137,604,415
Amortization charged to earnings		(154,214,000	)		(142,430,000	)		(128,733,000	)
Balance, December 31	$	75,043,404		$	73,170,230		$	68,028,373

Transactions with Affiliates, Reinsurance Ceded to Donegal Mutual Pursuant to Quota-Share Reinsurance Agreements (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Reinsurance Pooling and Other Reinsurance Arrangements [Abstract]
Premiums and losses related to certain products	66.20%	70.30%	74.00%
Premiums earned	$ 388,073,427	$ 383,059,075	$ 399,284,886
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	$ 168,724,465	160,591,399
Donegal Mutual [Member]
Reinsurance Pooling and Other Reinsurance Arrangements [Abstract]
Premiums and losses related to business of MICO	25.00%
Premiums and losses related to certain products	100.00%
Premiums earned	$ 168,243	17,989,939	37,996,474
Losses and loss expenses	2,902,422	5,194,974	20,037,608
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	0	0	18,548,821
Liability for losses and loss expenses	$ 17,852,153	$ 22,642,908	$ 36,659,853

Supplementary Cash Flow Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Supplementary Cash Flow Information [Abstract]

Supplementary Cash Flow Information

16 - Supplementary Cash Flow Information

The following table reflects net income taxes and interest we paid during 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023		2022		2021
Income taxes	$	—	$	4,500,000	$	6,200,000
Interest		618,519		623,947		1,150,211

Stock Compensation Plans, Information Regarding Activity in Stock Option Plans (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Number of Options [Abstract]
Outstanding beginning balance (in shares)	6,382,179	8,109,726	9,694,352
Granted (in shares)	959,200	956,600	906,500
Exercised (in shares)	(493,866)	(1,202,806)	(946,646)
Forfeited (in shares)	(379,288)	(545,618)	(404,664)
Expired (in shares)	(1,415,897)	(935,723)	(1,139,816)
Outstanding ending balance (in shares)	5,052,328	6,382,179	8,109,726
Number of options exercisable (in shares)	3,234,327	4,627,630	6,297,849
Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]
Outstanding beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 14.94	$ 15.22	$ 15.24
Granted (in dollars per share)	13.87	14.08	14.39
Exercised (in dollars per share)	13.79	14.5	13
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	15.29	15.35	15.69
Expired (in dollars per share)	15.81	16.81	16.4
Outstanding ending balance (in dollars per share)	14.58	14.94	15.22
Exercisable (in dollars per share)	$ 14.9	$ 15.21	$ 15.43

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fixed maturities
Held to maturity, fair value	$ 611,526,338	$ 598,044,681
Held to maturity, allowance for expected credit losses	1,325,847	0
Available for sale, amortized cost	629,727,513	571,912,727
Reinsurance receivable, allowance for expected credit losses	$ 1,394,074	$ 0
Stockholders' Equity
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,000,000	2,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Class A Common Stock [Member]
Stockholders' Equity
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	30,764,555	30,120,263
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	27,761,967	27,117,675
Class B Common Stock [Member]
Stockholders' Equity
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	10,000,000	10,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	5,649,240	5,649,240
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	5,576,775	5,576,775

Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 01, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Entity Listings [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	0-15341
Entity Registrant Name	DONEGAL GROUP INC
Entity Central Index Key	0000800457
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	23-2424711
Entity Address, Address Line One	1195 River Road
Entity Address, City or Town	Marietta
Entity Address, State or Province	PA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	17547
City Area Code	800
Local Phone Number	877-0600
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	No
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 231,869,446
Auditor Firm ID	185
Auditor Name	KPMG LLP
Auditor Location	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Common Class A [Member]
Entity Listings [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A Common Stock, $.01 par value
Trading Symbol	DGICA
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		27,816,654
Common Class B [Member]
Entity Listings [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Class B Common Stock, $.01 par value
Trading Symbol	DGICB
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		5,576,775

Liability for Losses and Loss Expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Liability for Losses and Loss Expenses [Abstract]

Summary of Insurance Subsidiaries' Liability for Losses and Loss Expenses

We summarize activity in our insurance subsidiaries’ liability for losses and loss expenses as follows:

	2023			2022			2021
Balance at January 1	$	1,121,045,758		$	1,077,620,301		$	962,007,437
Less reinsurance recoverable		(451,184,222	)		(451,261,306	)		(404,818,480	)
Cumulative effect of adoption of updated accounting guidance for credit losses at January 1		1,131,836			—			—
Net balance at January 1		670,993,372			626,358,995			557,188,957
Incurred related to:
Current year		625,831,043			608,900,206			551,917,571
Prior years		(16,653,344	)		(44,821,213	)		(31,208,029	)
Total incurred		609,177,699			564,078,993			520,709,542
Paid related to:
Current year		330,290,039			302,272,322			269,316,762
Prior years		260,738,168			218,304,130			182,222,742
Total paid		591,028,207			520,576,452			451,539,504
Net balance at December 31		689,142,864			669,861,536			626,358,995
Plus reinsurance recoverable		437,013,974			451,184,222			451,261,306
Balance at December 31	$	1,126,156,838		$	1,121,045,758		$	1,077,620,301

Incurred and Paid Claims Development, Net of Reinsurance, Cumulative Claim Frequency and Total of IBNR Reserves Plus Expected Development on Reported Claims

Personal Automobile																					At December 31, 2023
	Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31,
Accident Year	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Total IBNR Plus Expected Development on Reported Claims		Cumulative Number of Reported Claims
	Unaudited
(dollars and reported claims in thousands)
2014	$	124,426	$	124,806	$	124,210	$	126,200	$	126,779	$	126,734	$	126,861	$	126,977	$	127,108	$	127,148	$	37		71
2015				137,569		139,333		139,181		142,493		142,408		142,073		142,010		141,965		141,894		61		70
2016						150,216		153,937		157,516		157,943		156,935		156,436		156,227		155,834		192		73
2017								166,690		176,728		175,939		174,784		173,730		173,032		172,712		353		79
2018										186,580		183,358		181,558		180,787		179,732		178,990		627		81
2019												161,056		157,689		156,300		154,805		153,883		1,227		68
2020														111,483		103,585		100,339		99,253		1,543		43
2021																119,364		118,752		114,707		2,792		47
2022																		126,203		134,834		5,639		50
2023																				152,740		27,416		50
																	Total		$	1,431,995

Personal Automobile
	Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31,
Accident Year	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023
	Unaudited
(in thousands)
2014	$	85,377	$	104,736	$	114,893	$	120,491	$	123,815	$	124,926	$	125,619	$	125,762	$	126,701	$	127,026
2015				93,611		116,303		128,395		135,027		139,121		140,028		140,892		141,172		141,298
2016						102,433		129,507		143,321		151,159		153,521		154,769		155,521		155,505
2017								111,964		142,372		159,879		166,099		169,190		170,895		171,513
2018										115,585		150,175		163,036		169,651		173,922		176,233
2019												103,101		127,187		141,004		146,667		150,017
2020														66,084		81,783		89,736		94,094
2021																76,477		93,998		103,427
2022																		83,616		109,845
2023																				99,574
																	Total			1,328,532
					All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance															994
					Liabilities for claims and claims adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance														$	104,457

Homeowners																					At December 31, 2023
	Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31,
Accident Year	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Total IBNR Plus Expected Development on Reported Claims		Cumulative Number of Reported Claims
	Unaudited
(dollars and reported claims in thousands)
2014	$	56,916	$	58,378	$	57,680	$	57,332	$	57,288	$	57,402	$	57,367	$	57,371	$	57,353	$	57,362	$	—		17
2015				63,359		63,925		63,053		63,071		63,099		62,993		63,043		63,036		63,042		—		14
2016						62,443		64,064		63,735		63,355		63,279		63,409		63,472		63,478		3		12
2017								79,283		79,911		79,305		79,247		79,065		78,815		78,819		24		17
2018										81,965		83,385		82,905		82,566		82,058		81,977		78		19
2019												73,294		73,554		73,234		72,168		72,176		187		16
2020														61,633		62,718		61,595		61,495		385		14
2021																67,677		66,996		65,451		496		11
2022																		82,433		82,045		1,846		10
2023																				86,693		8,046		10
																	Total		$	712,538

Homeowners
	Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31,
Accident Year	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023
	Unaudited
(in thousands)
2014	$	45,823	$	56,255	$	56,990	$	57,195	$	56,995	$	57,243	$	57,336	$	57,339	$	57,318	$	57,327
2015				51,885		61,542		62,204		62,590		62,844		62,943		62,936		62,938		63,042
2016						50,125		61,145		62,760		63,144		63,162		63,217		63,266		63,296
2017								67,077		77,663		78,006		78,127		78,454		78,528		78,556
2018										70,385		79,892		80,905		81,464		81,568		81,826
2019												58,074		69,145		70,416		70,884		71,209
2020														51,226		60,348		60,809		61,189
2021																52,161		63,920		64,124
2022																		63,107		79,187
2023																				67,636
																	Total			687,392
					All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance															148
					Liabilities for claims and claims adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance														$	25,294

Commercial Automobile																					At December 31, 2023
	Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31,
Accident Year	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Total IBNR Plus Expected Development on Reported Claims		Cumulative Number of Reported Claims
	Unaudited
(dollars and reported claims in thousands)
2014	$	42,760	$	44,544	$	47,326	$	48,213	$	49,284	$	49,168	$	49,308	$	49,291	$	49,285	$	49,212	$	8		11
2015				46,526		48,323		51,412		54,259		54,517		54,619		53,793		53,477		53,431		33		12
2016						54,302		57,353		65,905		67,127		66,894		66,085		65,922		65,602		71		13
2017								61,484		67,927		67,697		67,249		65,310		64,631		65,022		105		14
2018										79,307		81,396		82,313		83,043		82,226		82,368		207		15
2019												88,864		91,245		90,290		86,140		84,566		729		16
2020														90,367		87,766		85,016		83,590		2,528		14
2021																109,824		99,231		96,947		6,346		14
2022																		115,287		108,690		17,627		15
2023																				112,135		37,768		14
																	Total		$	801,563

Commercial Automobile
	Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31,
Accident Year	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023
	Unaudited
(in thousands)
2014	$	22,707	$	31,089	$	39,436	$	44,374	$	47,290	$	48,418	$	48,603	$	48,714	$	48,757	$	48,829
2015				23,875		35,342		41,678		48,261		51,605		51,992		52,728		53,052		53,047
2016						27,033		38,237		48,837		57,237		60,485		64,421		65,076		65,273
2017								28,707		40,213		49,703		57,128		59,889		62,187		64,074
2018										33,862		47,941		57,451		69,487		74,421		79,308
2019												36,948		53,026		63,575		72,139		80,617
2020														31,884		46,459		60,665		70,669
2021																39,851		56,101		69,908
2022																		46,242		67,367
2023																				45,387
																	Total			644,479
					All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance															88
					Liabilities for claims and claims adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance														$	157,172

Commercial Multi-Peril																					At December 31, 2023
	Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31,
Accident Year	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Total IBNR Plus Expected Development on Reported Claims		Cumulative Number of Reported Claims
	Unaudited
(dollars and reported claims in thousands)
2014	$	48,204	$	50,135	$	51,843	$	52,336	$	53,294	$	53,116	$	52,926	$	52,933	$	53,502	$	53,395	$	—		7
2015				42,070		43,874		44,728		45,104		45,873		45,366		45,420		45,595		46,181		—		6
2016						43,005		46,988		48,267		48,871		48,732		48,823		48,802		48,374		135		6
2017								56,185		56,043		56,517		54,812		55,076		54,244		55,002		187		7
2018										66,265		66,470		67,749		67,810		65,911		65,900		624		7
2019												71,865		73,836		76,326		75,821		76,015		2,093		7
2020														83,195		79,910		76,490		74,796		4,524		8
2021																116,827		117,574		119,321		14,055		7
2022																		142,395		141,935		27,544		7
2023																				129,069		43,788		5
																	Total		$	809,988

Commercial Multi-Peril
	Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31,
Accident Year	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023
	Unaudited
(in thousands)
2014	$	27,920	$	35,520	$	40,936	$	47,021	$	50,017	$	51,615	$	52,103	$	52,252	$	52,875	$	53,074
2015				21,837		29,419		34,323		39,162		42,849		44,090		44,439		44,764		45,572
2016						19,660		29,402		34,612		41,193		43,435		44,944		47,432		48,048
2017								27,399		36,926		42,691		46,361		49,488		51,494		52,422
2018										30,597		42,296		48,050		54,913		59,118		62,253
2019												28,210		41,266		47,522		55,951		63,156
2020														34,729		46,193		52,646		58,754
2021																46,768		69,735		82,580
2022																		57,641		86,664
2023																				56,238
																	Total			608,761
					All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance															521
					Liabilities for claims and claims adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance														$	201,748

Workers’ Compensation																					At December 31, 2023
	Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31,
Accident Year	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Total IBNR Plus Expected Development on Reported Claims		Cumulative Number of Reported Claims
	Unaudited
(dollars and reported claims in thousands)
2014	$	51,508	$	51,553	$	49,288	$	48,537	$	47,540	$	47,693	$	47,849	$	47,620	$	47,794	$	47,623	$	7		6
2015				53,332		49,615		45,991		44,986		43,006		42,597		42,225		42,043		41,875		141		6
2016						58,814		49,802		47,883		44,969		44,098		43,559		43,484		43,447		387		6
2017								60,450		56,351		52,687		51,464		49,557		48,802		48,668		753		6
2018										62,197		55,291		52,514		47,912		47,007		46,742		924		6
2019												60,998		59,624		57,728		56,480		55,893		1,003		7
2020														57,172		57,850		57,384		56,714		1,824		6
2021																67,035		65,530		64,225		3,550		7
2022																		67,046		67,331		6,428		7
2023																				62,401		21,881		5
																	Total		$	534,919

Workers’ Compensation
	Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31,
Accident Year	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023
	Unaudited
(in thousands)
2014	$	13,932	$	28,513	$	36,284	$	40,393	$	42,465	$	43,866	$	44,403	$	44,671	$	45,314	$	45,905
2015				13,071		27,531		34,192		36,929		37,936		38,596		39,096		39,478		39,762
2016						14,709		30,344		37,178		40,570		41,208		41,543		41,809		42,195
2017								15,581		31,990		39,684		42,954		44,242		45,174		45,935
2018										17,644		31,928		37,072		41,611		43,279		44,359
2019												16,939		33,009		41,740		47,121		50,079
2020														14,591		32,817		44,089		48,259
2021																20,931		42,633		51,781
2022																		18,643		41,225
2023																				17,546
																	Total			427,046
					All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance															5,251
					Liabilities for claims and claims adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance														$	113,124

Reconciliation of Net Incurred and Paid Claims Development Tables to Liability for Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses

The following table presents a reconciliation of the net incurred and paid claims development tables to the liability for claims and claims adjustment expenses in our consolidated balance sheet:

	At December 31,
(in thousands)	2023
Net outstanding liabilities:
Personal automobile	$	104,457
Homeowners		25,294
Commercial automobile		157,172
Commercial multi-peril		201,748
Workers’ compensation		113,124
Other		34,916
		636,711

Reinsurance recoverable:
Personal automobile	$	98,157
Homeowners		15,325
Commercial automobile		94,517
Commercial multi-peril		118,979
Workers’ compensation		84,766
Other		6,643
		418,387
Unallocated loss adjustment expenses	$	71,059
Gross liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses	$	1,126,157

Supplementary Information about Average Historical Claims Duration

The following table presents supplementary information about average historical claims duration as of December 31, 2023:

	Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance
Years		1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Personal automobile		65.6	%	16.9	%	8.5	%	4.2	%	2.2	%	0.9	%	0.5	%	0.1	%	0.4	%	0.3	%
Homeowners		81.1		16.0		1.2		0.5		0.2		0.2		0.1		—		0.1		—
Commercial automobile		42.3		18.1		14.4		11.9		6.2		3.7		1.4		0.4		—		0.1
Commercial multi-peril		44.3		17.6		9.8		10.3		6.6		3.4		2.1		0.8		1.5		0.4
Workers’ compensation		30.9		32.6		15.6		8.1		3.3		1.9		1.1		0.8		1.0		1.2

Income Taxes, Provision for Income Tax (Benefit) Expense (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax (Benefit) Expense [Abstract]
Current federal income tax	$ 408,575	$ 1,280,041	$ 3,998,431
Deferred federal income tax	229,397	(2,958,735)	1,085,903
Income tax expense (benefit)	$ 637,972	$ (1,678,694)	$ 5,084,334
Income Taxes [Abstract]
Corporate income tax rate	21.00%

- Definition

Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.

+ References + Details

Allowance for Expected Credit Losses, Reinsurance Receivable (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Reinsurance Receivable, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Losses [Abstract]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 456,522,223
Balance at end of period	441,431,334	$ 456,522,223
Allowance for Expected Credit Losses [Abstract]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 0
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible Enumeration]	ASU 2016-13 [Member]	ASU 2016-13 [Member]
Current period change for expected credit losses	$ 262,000
Balance at end of period	1,394,074	$ 0
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member]
Allowance for Expected Credit Losses [Abstract]
Balance at end of period	$ 1,132,000

- Definition

Indicates amendment to accounting standards.

+ References

+ Details

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs [Abstract]

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs

6 - Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs

Changes in our insurance subsidiaries’ deferred policy acquisition costs are as follows:

	2023			2022			2021
Balance, January 1	$	73,170,230		$	68,028,373		$	59,156,958
Acquisition costs deferred		156,087,174			147,571,857			137,604,415
Amortization charged to earnings		(154,214,000	)		(142,430,000	)		(128,733,000	)
Balance, December 31	$	75,043,404		$	73,170,230		$	68,028,373

Transactions with Affiliates, Reinsurance Atlantic States Ceded to Pool (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Reinsurance Pooling and Other Reinsurance Arrangements [Abstract]
Premiums earned	$ 388,073,427	$ 383,059,075	$ 399,284,886
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	168,724,465	160,591,399
Affiliated Entity [Member] \| Atlantic States [Member]
Reinsurance Pooling and Other Reinsurance Arrangements [Abstract]
Premiums earned	332,272,662	314,321,443	305,729,418
Losses and loss expenses	238,055,099	202,228,589	222,737,225
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	161,991,511	154,472,615	152,323,262
Liability for losses and loss expenses	$ 299,947,390	$ 277,641,902	$ 274,033,812

Allowance for Expected Credit Losses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Allowance for Expected Credit Losses [Abstract]

Allowance for Expected Credit Losses

21 - Allowance for Expected Credit Losses

Pursuant to new accounting guidance we adopted on January 1, 2023, we make estimates with respect to the potential impairment of financial instruments and recognize expected credit losses as an allowance rather than impairments as credit losses are incurred. We refer to Note 2 - Impact of New Accounting Standards for more information regarding the new accounting guidance. We have established allowances for expected credit losses with respect to held-to-maturity debt securities and reinsurance recoverable.

Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities

For held-to-maturity debt securities, we make estimates concerning expected credit losses at an aggregated level rather that monitoring individual debt securities for credit losses. We establish an allowance for expected credit losses based on an ongoing review of securities held, historical loss data, changes in issuer credit standing and other relevant factors. We utilize a probability-of-default methodology, which reflects current and forecasted economic conditions, to estimate the allowance for expected credit losses and recognize changes to the allowance in our results of operations.

The following table presents the balances for fixed maturities classified as held-to-maturity, net of the allowance for expected credit losses, at December 31, 2023, the cumulative effect of our adoption of the updated accounting guidance for credit losses on January 1, 2023 and changes in the allowance for expected credit losses for 2023.

	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
	Held-to-Maturity, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Allowance for Expected Credit Losses
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	688,439	$	—
Cumulative effect of adoption of updated accounting guidance for credit losses				1,268
Current period change for expected credit losses				58
Balance at end of period	$	679,497	$	1,326

Reinsurance Receivable

For reinsurance receivable, we establish an allowance for expected credit losses based upon our ongoing review of amounts outstanding, historical loss data, changes in reinsurer credit standing and other relevant factors. We utilize a probability-of-default methodology, which reflects current and forecasted economic conditions, to estimate the allowance for expected credit losses and recognize changes to the allowance in our results of operations.

The following table presents the balances for reinsurance receivable, net of the allowance for expected credit losses, at December 31, 2023, the cumulative effect of our adoption of the updated accounting guidance for credit losses on January 1, 2023 and the changes in the allowance for expected credit losses for 2023.

	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
	Reinsurance Receivable, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Allowance for Expected Credit Losses
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	456,522	$	—
Cumulative effect of adoption of updated accounting guidance for credit losses				1,132
Current period change for expected credit losses				262
Balance at end of period	$	441,431	$	1,394

Reinsurance, Amounts Represent Effect of Reinsurance on Premiums Written (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Effect of Reinsurance on Premiums Written [Abstract]
Direct	$ 702,227,408	$ 641,971,207	$ 609,204,706
Assumed	589,675,724	568,272,026	601,864,198
Ceded	(396,206,492)	(366,714,634)	(406,802,395)
Net	$ 895,696,640	$ 843,528,599	$ 804,266,509

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income (loss)	$ 4,425,504	$ (1,959,405)	$ 25,254,174
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and other non-cash items	4,326,446	4,841,559	5,837,809
Net investment (gains) losses	(3,172,807)	10,184,797	(6,477,286)
Changes in Assets and Liabilities:
Losses and loss expenses	5,111,080	43,425,457	115,612,864
Unearned premiums	21,758,338	4,694,708	35,768,824
Accrued expenses	(279,416)	197,731	(25,086,539)
Premiums receivable	(5,745,527)	(4,983,714)	733,752
Deferred policy acquisition costs	(1,873,174)	(5,141,857)	(8,871,415)
Deferred income taxes	229,397	(2,958,735)	1,095,306
Reinsurance receivable	13,959,053	(1,111,214)	(46,502,159)
Accrued investment income	(1,084,422)	(646,321)	(278,092)
Amounts due to affiliate	(7,080,816)	7,096,006	(12,216,212)
Reinsurance balances payable	5,263,152	(450,281)	712,582
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	(8,133,066)	16,344,443	(7,517,509)
Current income taxes	408,576	(3,219,959)	(2,201,569)
Other, net	511,426	796,805	867,438
Net adjustments	24,198,240	69,069,425	51,477,794
Net cash provided by operating activities	28,623,744	67,110,020	76,731,968
Purchases of fixed maturities:
Held to maturity	(25,226,609)	(74,902,605)	(125,630,220)
Available for sale	(150,423,864)	(151,994,462)	(163,593,018)
Purchases of equity securities	(5,128,994)	(15,862,888)	(25,354,790)
Sales of fixed maturities:
Available for sale	28,154,556	24,381,244	6,281,963
Maturity of fixed maturities:
Held to maturity	32,923,991	53,747,886	44,211,076
Available for sale	58,277,402	75,759,806	165,867,395
Sales of equity securities	19,745,875	34,973,196	26,585,663
Net (purchases) sales of property and equipment	(44,701)	28,290	1,224,806
Net sales (purchases) of short-term investments	25,015,703	(44,628,770)	8,207,814
Net cash used in investing activities	(16,706,641)	(98,498,303)	(62,199,311)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Issuance of common stock	8,645,530	19,304,956	14,181,702
Cash dividends paid	(21,893,692)	(20,502,716)	(19,099,220)
Payments on subordinated debentures	0	0	(5,000,000)
Payments on lines of credit	0	0	(50,000,000)
Net cash used in financing activities	(13,248,162)	(1,197,760)	(59,917,518)
Net decrease in cash	(1,331,059)	(32,586,043)	(45,384,861)
Cash at beginning of year	25,123,332	57,709,375	103,094,236
Cash at end of year	$ 23,792,273	$ 25,123,332	$ 57,709,375

Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Fair Value Measurements [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

5 - Fair Value Measurements

We account for financial assets using a framework that establishes a hierarchy that ranks the quality and reliability of inputs, or assumptions, used in the determination of fair value, and we classify financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value in one of the following three categories:

Level 1 - quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities;

Level 2 - directly or indirectly observable inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices; and

Level 3 - unobservable inputs not corroborated by market data.

For investments that have quoted market prices in active markets, we use the quoted market price as fair value and include these investments in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. We classify publicly traded equity securities as Level 1. When quoted market prices in active markets are not available, we base fair values on quoted market prices of comparable instruments or price estimates we obtain from independent pricing services. We classify our fixed maturity investments and non-publicly traded equity securities as Level 2. Our fixed maturity investments consist of U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies, obligations of states and political subdivisions, corporate securities and mortgage-backed securities.

At December 31, 2023, we received two estimates per security from the pricing services, and we priced substantially all of our Level 1 and Level 2 investments using those prices. In our review of the estimates the pricing services provided at December 31, 2023, we did not identify any material discrepancies, and we did not make any adjustments to the estimates the pricing services provided.

We present our cash and short-term investments at estimated fair value. The carrying values in our balance sheet for premium receivables, reinsurance receivables related to paid losses and loss expenses and reinsurance balances payable approximate their fair values. The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for our borrowings under lines of credit approximate their fair values. We classify these items as Level 3.

We evaluate our assets and liabilities on a regular basis to determine the appropriate level at which to classify them for each reporting period. Based on our review of the methodology and summary of inputs the pricing services use, we have concluded that our Level 1 and Level 2 investments were classified properly at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The following table presents our fair value measurements for our investments in available-for-sale fixed maturity and equity securities at December 31, 2023:

	Fair Value Measurements Using
	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	85,419,683	$	—	$	85,419,683	$	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		38,115,784		—		38,115,784		—
Corporate securities		196,792,967		—		196,792,967		—
Mortgage-backed securities		269,019,809		—		269,019,809		—
Equity securities		25,902,956		23,910,968		1,991,988		—
Total investments in the fair value hierarchy	$	615,251,199	$	23,910,968	$	591,340,231	$	—

The following table presents our fair value measurements for our investments in available-for-sale fixed maturity and equity securities at December 31, 2022:

	Fair Value Measurements Using
	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	63,521,312	$	—	$	63,521,312	$	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		40,155,784		—		40,155,784		—
Corporate securities		202,838,045		—		202,838,045		—
Mortgage-backed securities		217,276,790		—		217,276,790		—
Equity securities		35,104,840		32,820,452		2,284,388		—
Total investments in the fair value hierarchy	$	558,896,771	$	32,820,452	$	526,076,319	$	—

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Guaranty Fund and Other Insurance-Related Assessments	12 Months Ended
Guaranty Fund and Other Insurance-Related Assessments	Dec. 31, 2023
Guaranty Fund and Other Insurance-Related Assessments [Abstract]
Guaranty Fund and Other Insurance-Related Assessments	20 - Guaranty Fund and Other Insurance-Related Assessments Our insurance subsidiaries’ liabilities for guaranty fund and other insurance-related assessments were $1.9 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022. These liabilities included $702,261 and $663,883 related to surcharges collected by our insurance subsidiaries on behalf of regulatory authorities for 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and equipment, Gross	$ 12,294,667	$ 12,249,967
Accumulated depreciation	(9,661,262)	(9,494,862)
Property and equipment, Net	2,633,405	2,755,105
Depreciation expense	166,400	173,535	$ 208,641
Office Equipment [Member]
Property and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and equipment, Gross	$ 8,289,730	8,245,030
Office Equipment [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property and Equipment [Abstract]
Estimated useful life	3 years
Office Equipment [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property and Equipment [Abstract]
Estimated useful life	15 years
Automobiles [Member]
Property and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and equipment, Gross	$ 42,794	42,794
Estimated useful life	5 years
Real Estate [Member]
Property and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and equipment, Gross	$ 2,575,207	2,575,207
Real Estate [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property and Equipment [Abstract]
Estimated useful life	5 years
Real Estate [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property and Equipment [Abstract]
Estimated useful life	50 years
Software [Member]
Property and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and equipment, Gross	$ 1,386,936	$ 1,386,936
Estimated useful life	5 years

Investments, Amortized Cost and Estimated Fair Value of Fixed Maturities by Contractual Maturity (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Held To Maturity [Abstract]
Due in one year or less, amortized cost	$ 19,007,881
Due after one year through five years, amortized cost	105,894,799
Due after five years through ten years, amortized cost	251,405,744
Due after ten years, amortized cost	295,274,505
Mortgage-backed securities, amortized cost	9,239,956
Total held to maturity, carrying value	680,822,885
Available For Sale [Abstract]
Due in one year or less, amortized cost	35,774,037
Due after one year through five years, amortized cost	175,526,581
Due after five years through ten years, amortized cost	105,858,004
Due after ten years, amortized cost	26,048,788
Mortgage-backed securities, amortized cost	286,520,103
Total available for sale, amortized cost	629,727,513	$ 571,912,727
Held To Maturity [Abstract]
Due in one year or less, estimated fair value	18,869,262
Due after one year through five years, estimated fair value	102,016,841
Due after five years through ten years, estimated fair value	230,975,966
Due after ten years, estimated fair value	250,842,370
Mortgage-backed securities, estimated fair value	8,821,899
Total held to maturity, estimated fair value	611,526,338	598,044,681
Available For Sale [Abstract]
Due in one year or less, estimated fair value	35,384,044
Due after one year through five years, estimated fair value	166,257,527
Due after five years through ten years, estimated fair value	95,629,511
Due after ten years, estimated fair value	23,057,352
Mortgage-backed securities, estimated fair value	269,019,809
Total available for sale, estimated fair value	$ 589,348,243	$ 523,791,931

Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company [Abstract]

Condensed Balance Sheets

(in thousands)

December 31,	2023		2022
Assets
Investment in subsidiaries/affiliates (equity method)	$	506,855	$	509,513
Short-term investments		1,469		7,325
Cash		8,043		3,288
Property and equipment		504		586
Other		4,866		4,589
Total assets	$	521,737	$	525,301

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities
Cash dividends declared to stockholders	$	5,570	$	5,297
Notes payable to subsidiary		35,000		35,000
Other		1,422		1,411
Total liabilities		41,992		41,708
Stockholders’ equity		479,745		483,593
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	521,737	$	525,301

Condensed Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(in thousands)

Year Ended December 31,	2023			2022			2021
Statements of Income (Loss)
Revenues
Dividends from subsidiaries	$	13,000		$	—		$	5,000
Other		638			526			481
Total revenues		13,638			526			5,481
Expenses
Operating expenses		1,202			1,245			1,223
Interest		787			787			787
Total expenses		1,989			2,032			2,010
Income (loss) before income tax benefit and equity in undistributed net (loss) income of subsidiaries		11,649			(1,506	)		3,471
Income tax benefit		(375	)		(618	)		(714	)
Income (loss) before equity in undistributed net (loss) income of subsidiaries		12,024			(888	)		4,185
Equity in undistributed net (loss) income of subsidiaries		(7,598	)		(1,071	)		21,069
Net income (loss)	$	4,426		$	(1,959	)	$	25,254
Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Net income (loss)	$	4,426		$	(1,959	)	$	25,254
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Unrealized gain (loss) - subsidiaries		6,018			(44,988	)		(7,847	)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		6,018			(44,988	)		(7,847	)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	10,444		$	(46,947	)	$	17,407

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

Year Ended December 31,	2023			2022			2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	4,426		$	(1,959	)	$	25,254
Adjustments:
Equity in undistributed net loss (income) of subsidiaries		7,598			1,071			(21,069	)
Other		(168	)		(1,972	)		(536	)
Net adjustments		7,430			(901	)		(21,605	)
Net cash provided (used)		11,856			(2,860	)		3,649
Cash flows from investing activities:
Net sale (purchases) of short-term investments		5,856			(7,316	)		—
Net purchase of property and equipment		(45	)		—			(13	)
Investment in subsidiaries		(819	)		(768	)		(916	)
Other		30			(28	)		—
Net cash received (used)		5,022			(8,112	)		(929	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Cash dividends paid		(21,894	)		(20,503	)		(19,099	)
Issuance of common stock		9,771			20,388			15,433
Net cash used		(12,123	)		(115	)		(3,666	)
Net change in cash		4,755			(11,087	)		(946	)
Cash at beginning of year		3,288			14,375			15,321
Cash at end of year	$	8,043		$	3,288		$	14,375

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Dec. 31, 2023
Insider Trading Arrangements [Line Items]
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

Stock Compensation Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Stock Compensation Plans [Abstract]

Stock Compensation Plans

13 - Stock Compensation Plans

Equity Incentive Plans

Since 1996, we have maintained an Equity Incentive Plan for Employees. During 2019, we adopted a plan that made a total of 4,500,000 shares of Class A common stock available for issuance to employees of our subsidiaries and affiliates. The plan provides for the granting of awards by our board of directors in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock or any combination of the above. The plan provides that stock options may become exercisable up to five years from their date of grant, with an option price not less than fair market value on the date preceding the date of grant. We have not granted any stock appreciation rights.

Since 1996, we have maintained an Equity Incentive Plan for Directors. During 2019, we adopted a plan that made 500,000 shares of Class A common stock available for issuance to our directors and the directors of our subsidiaries and affiliates. We may make awards in the form of stock options. The plan also provides for the issuance of 500 shares of restricted stock on the first business day of January in each year to each of our directors and each director of Donegal Mutual who does not serve as one of our directors. We issued 8,500 shares of restricted stock on January 3, 2023 under our director plan. We issued 8,500 shares of restricted stock on January 4, 2022 under our director plan. We issued 10,000 shares of restricted stock on January 4, 2021 under our director plan.

No further shares are available for future option grants for plans in effect prior to 2019.

We measure all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, using a fair-value-based method and record such expense in our results of operations. In determining the expense we record for stock options granted to directors and employees of our subsidiaries and affiliates, we estimate the fair value of each option award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The significant assumptions we utilize in applying the Black-Scholes option pricing model are the risk-free interest rate, expected term, dividend yield and expected volatility. The risk-free interest rate is the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury zero coupon issues with a remaining term equal to the expected term used as the assumption in the model. We base the expected term of an option award on our historical experience for similar awards. We determine the dividend yield by dividing the per share dividend by the grant date stock price. We base the expected volatility on the volatility of our stock price over a historical period comparable to the expected term.

The weighted-average grant date fair value of options we granted during 2023 was $1.51. We calculated this fair value based upon a risk-free interest rate of 4.12%, an expected life of three years, an expected volatility of 20% and an expected dividend yield of 5%.

The weighted-average grant date fair value of options we granted during 2022 was $1.48. We calculated this fair value based upon a risk-free interest rate of 3.91%, an expected life of three years, an expected volatility of 22% and an expected dividend yield of 5%.

The weighted-average grant date fair value of options we granted during 2021 was $1.21. We calculated this fair value based upon a risk-free interest rate of 0.91%, an expected life of three years, an expected volatility of 20% and an expected dividend yield of 4%.

We charged compensation expense for our stock compensation plans against income before income taxes of $876,569, $818,853 and $965,701 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, with a corresponding income tax benefit of $184,079, $171,959 and $202,797. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, our total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation granted under our stock compensation plans was $1.9 million and $1.7 million, respectively. We expect to recognize this cost over a weighted average period of 2.0 years.

During 2023, we received cash from option exercises under all stock compensation plans of $6.8 million. We realized actual tax benefits for the tax deductions from option exercises of share-based compensation of $139,135 for 2023. During 2022, we received cash from option exercises under all stock compensation plans of $17.4 million. We realized actual tax benefits for the tax deductions from option exercises of share-based compensation of $360,452 for 2022. During 2021, we received cash from option exercises under all stock compensation plans of $12.3 million. We realized actual tax benefits for the tax deductions from option exercises of share-based compensation of $438,850 for 2021.

Information regarding activity in our stock option plans follows:

	Number of Options			Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share
Outstanding at December 31, 2020		9,694,352		$	15.24
Granted - 2021		906,500			14.39
Exercised - 2021		(946,646	)		13.00
Forfeited - 2021		(404,664	)		15.69
Expired - 2021		(1,139,816	)		16.40
Outstanding at December 31, 2021		8,109,726			15.22
Granted - 2022		956,600			14.08
Exercised - 2022		(1,202,806	)		14.50
Forfeited - 2022		(545,618	)		15.35
Expired - 2022		(935,723	)		16.81
Outstanding at December 31, 2022		6,382,179			14.94
Granted - 2023		959,200			13.87
Exercised - 2023		(493,866	)		13.79
Forfeited - 2023		(379,288	)		15.29
Expired - 2023		(1,415,897	)		15.81
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		5,052,328		$	14.58
Exercisable at:
December 31, 2021		6,297,849		$	15.43
December 31, 2022		4,627,630		$	15.21
December 31, 2023		3,234,327		$	14.90

Shares available for future option grants at December 31, 2023 totaled 569,540 shares under all plans.

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 2023:

Grant Date	Exercise Price		Number of Options Outstanding		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life	Number of Options Exercisable
December 18, 2014	$	15.80		883,839	1.0 years		883,839
December 19, 2019		14.98		819,765	1.0 years		819,765
December 17, 2020		14.43		701,024	2.0 years		701,024
January 4, 2021		14.07		10,000	2.0 years		10,000
December 16, 2021		14.39		764,500	3.0 years		509,666
February 9, 2022		14.15		2,000	3.1 years		2,000
April 18, 2022		13.28		10,000	3.3 years		6,667
December 15, 2022		14.09		904,100	4.0 years		301,366
December 21, 2023		13.87		957,100	5.0 years		—
	Total			5,052,328			3,234,327

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Since 1996, we have maintained an Employee Stock Purchase Plan. During 2011, we adopted a plan that made 300,000 shares of our Class A common stock available for issuance, which we amended in 2019 to make 500,000 shares of our Class A common stock available for issuance. The 2011 plan expired during 2021. During 2021, we adopted a new plan that made 500,000 shares of our Class A common stock available for issuance and extends over a 10-year period. The plan provides for shares to be offered to all eligible employees at a purchase price equal to the lesser of 85% of the fair market value of our Class A common stock on the last day before the first day of each enrollment period (June 1 and December 1 of each year) under the plan or 85% of the fair market value of our Class A common stock on the last day of each subscription period (June 30 and December 31 of each year).

A summary of plan activity follows:

	Shares Issued
	Price		Shares
January 1, 2021	$	11.96		23,336
July 1, 2021		11.88		24,619
January 1, 2022		12.15		24,907
July 1, 2022		11.56		23,454
January 1, 2023		12.07		26,545
July 1, 2023		12.27		28,912

On January 1, 2024, we issued 29,787 shares at a price of $11.89 per share under this plan.

Agency Stock Purchase Plan

Since 1996, we have maintained an Agency Stock Purchase Plan. During 2018, we adopted a plan that made 350,000 shares of our Class A common stock available for issuance to agents of our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual. During 2021, we amended the 2018 plan to make 400,000 shares of our Class A common stock available for issuance. The 2018 plan expired in 2021. During 2021, we adopted a new plan that made 500,000 shares of our Class A common stock available for issuance to agents of our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual. The plan permits an agent to invest up to $12,000 per subscription period (April 1 to September 30 and October 1 to March 31 of each year) under various methods. We issue stock at the end of each subscription period at a price equal to 90% of the average market price during the last ten trading days of each subscription period. During 2023, 2022 and 2021, we issued 86,469, 104,393 and 99,828 shares, respectively, under this plan. The expense we recognized under this plan was not material.

Segment Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Segment Information [Abstract]

Financial Data by Segment

Financial data by segment is as follows:

	2023		2022			2021
	(in thousands)
Revenues:
Premiums earned:
Commercial lines	$	533,029	$	521,227		$	478,966
Personal lines		349,042		301,263			297,049
GAAP premiums earned		882,071		822,490			776,015
Net investment income		40,853		34,016			31,126
Investment gains (losses)		3,173		(10,185	)		6,477
Other		1,241		1,900			2,848
Total revenues	$	927,338	$	848,221		$	816,466

	2023			2022			2021
	(in thousands)
Income (loss) before income taxes:
Underwriting (loss) income:
Commercial lines	$	(6,998	)	$	(22,665	)	$	(35,174	)
Personal lines		(35,118	)		(13,506	)		17,235
SAP underwriting loss		(42,116	)		(36,171	)		(17,939	)
GAAP adjustments		3,735			8,667			9,945
GAAP underwriting loss		(38,381	)		(27,504	)		(7,994	)
Net investment income		40,853			34,016			31,126
Investment gains (losses)		3,173			(10,185	)		6,477
Other		(582	)		35			730
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	5,063		$	(3,638	)	$	30,339

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) Segment State	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Organization and Business [Abstract]
Number of operating segments \| Segment	3
Premiums and losses related to certain products	66.20%	70.30%	74.00%
Number of states \| State	4
Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract]
Tax benefit for tax deductions related to option exercises \| $	$ 139,135	$ 360,452	$ 438,850
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Minimum percentage of class A common stock declared dividend excess over class B dividend	10.00%
Atlantic States [Member]
Organization and Business [Abstract]
Percentage of share in results of pooled business subsidiary	80.00%
Donegal Mutual Insurance Company [Member]
Organization and Business [Abstract]
Voting power percentage of outstanding common stock	71.00%
Premiums and losses related to certain products	100.00%
Donegal Mutual Insurance Company [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member]
Organization and Business [Abstract]
Stock ownership percentage held by major shareholder	44.00%
Donegal Mutual Insurance Company [Member] \| Class B Common Stock [Member]
Organization and Business [Abstract]
Stock ownership percentage held by major shareholder	84.00%

SCHEDULE III - SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

SCHEDULE III - SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION [Abstract]

SCHEDULE III - SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION

DONEGAL GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

SCHEDULE III — SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION

Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

($ in thousands)

Segment	Net Premiums Earned		Net Investment Income		Net Losses and Loss Expenses		Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs		Other Underwriting Expenses		Net Premiums Written
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Commercial lines	$	533,029	$	—	$	345,401	$	94,842	$	93,325	$	528,429
Personal lines		349,042		—		263,777		59,372		58,423		367,268
Investments		—		40,853		—		—		—		—
	$	882,071	$	40,853	$	609,178	$	154,214	$	151,748	$	895,697
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Commercial lines	$	521,227	$	—	$	342,456	$	91,965	$	89,056	$	530,846
Personal lines		301,263		—		221,623		50,465		48,868		312,684
Investments		—		34,016		—		—		—		—
	$	822,490	$	34,016	$	564,079	$	142,430	$	137,924	$	843,530
Year Ended December 31, 2021
Commercial lines	$	478,966	$	—	$	321,483	$	84,927	$	85,345	$	512,674
Personal lines		297,049		—		199,227		43,806		44,023		291,593
Investments		—		31,126		—		—		—		—
	$	776,015	$	31,126	$	520,710	$	128,733	$	129,368	$	804,267

DONEGAL GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

SCHEDULE III — SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION, CONTINUED

($ in thousands)

	At December 31,
Segment	Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs		Liability For Losses and Loss Expenses		Unearned Premiums		Other Policy Claims and Benefits Payable
2023
Commercial lines	$	42,775	$	869,393	$	341,664	$	—
Personal lines		32,268		256,764		257,747		—
Investments		—		—		—		—
	$	75,043	$	1,126,157	$	599,411	$	—
2022
Commercial lines	$	43,756	$	859,842	$	345,437	$	—
Personal lines		29,414		261,204		232,216		—
Investments		—		—		—		—
	$	73,170	$	1,121,046	$	577,653	$	—

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income Taxes [Abstract]

Provision for Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Our provision for income tax expense (benefit) for 2023, 2022 and 2021 consisted of the following:

	2023		2022			2021
Current federal income tax	$	408,575	$	1,280,041		$	3,998,431
Deferred federal income tax		229,397		(2,958,735	)		1,085,903
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	637,972	$	(1,678,694	)	$	5,084,334

Reconciliation of Federal Income Tax Rate

Our effective tax rate is different from the amount computed at the statutory federal rate of 21%. The reasons for such difference and the related tax effects are as follows:

	2023			2022			2021
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)	$	5,063,476		$	(3,638,099	)	$	30,338,508
Tax at federal statutory rate		1,063,330			(764,001	)		6,371,087
Tax-exempt interest		(1,328,312	)		(1,446,102	)		(1,491,154	)
Proration		351,415			384,944			401,717
Dividends received deduction		(77,348	)		(93,675	)		(115,713	)
Stock options		595,602			216,893			148,320
Additional tax paid for prior year		159,261			(6,071	)		(15,874	)
Other, net		(125,976	)		29,318			(214,049	)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	637,972		$	(1,678,694	)	$	5,084,334

Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of our deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	2023			2022
Deferred tax assets:
Unearned premium	$	18,130,477		$	17,560,126
Loss reserves		10,067,846			9,712,582
Net unrealized losses		8,743,238			11,088,307
Net state operating loss carryforward - DGI Parent		8,072,420			8,068,185
Other		1,492,635			1,472,110
Total gross deferred tax assets		46,506,616			47,901,310
Less valuation allowance		(8,072,420	)		(8,068,185	)
Net deferred tax assets		38,434,196			39,833,125
Deferred tax liabilities:
Deferred policy acquisition costs		15,759,115			15,365,749
Loss reserve transition adjustment		564,002			856,267
Other		2,578,554			2,008,092
Total gross deferred tax liabilities		18,901,671			18,230,108
Net deferred tax asset	$	19,532,525		$	21,603,017

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Dec. 31, 2023
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Organization and Business	Organization and Business Donegal Mutual Insurance Company (“Donegal Mutual”) organized us as an insurance holding company on August 26, 1986. Our insurance subsidiaries are Atlantic States Insurance Company (“Atlantic States”), Michigan Insurance Company (“MICO”), the Peninsula Insurance Group (“Peninsula”), which consists of The Peninsula Insurance Company and its wholly owned subsidiary Peninsula Indemnity Company, and Southern Insurance Company of Virginia (“Southern”). Our insurance subsidiaries and their affiliates write commercial and personal lines of property and casualty coverages exclusively through a network of independent insurance agents in certain Mid-Atlantic, Midwestern, New England, Southern and Southwestern states. At December 31, 2023, we had three segments: our investment function, our commercial lines of insurance and our personal lines of insurance. The commercial lines products of our insurance subsidiaries consist primarily of commercial automobile, commercial multi-peril and workers’ compensation policies. The personal lines products of our insurance subsidiaries consist primarily of homeowners and private passenger automobile policies. At December 31, 2023, Donegal Mutual held approximately 44% of our outstanding Class A common stock and approximately 84% of our outstanding Class B common stock. This ownership provides Donegal Mutual with approximately 71% of the total voting power of our common stock. Our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual have interrelated operations due to a pooling agreement and other intercompany agreements and transactions. While each company maintains its separate corporate existence, our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual conduct business together as the Donegal Insurance Group. As such, Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries share the same business philosophy, the same management, the same employees and the same facilities and offer the same types of insurance products. Atlantic States, our largest subsidiary, participates in a proportional reinsurance agreement (the “pooling agreement”) with Donegal Mutual. Under the pooling agreement, Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States contribute substantially all of their respective premiums, losses and loss expenses to the underwriting pool, and the underwriting pool, acting through Donegal Mutual, then allocates 80% of the pooled business to Atlantic States. Thus, Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States share the underwriting results of the pooled business in proportion to their respective participation in the underwriting pool. In addition, Donegal Mutual has a 100% quota-share reinsurance agreement with Southern Mutual Insurance Company (“Southern Mutual”). Donegal Mutual places its assumed business from Southern Mutual into the underwriting pool. Donegal Mutual completed the merger of Mountain States Mutual Casualty Company (“Mountain States”) with and into Donegal Mutual effective May 25, 2017. Donegal Mutual was the surviving company in the merger, and Mountain States’ insurance subsidiaries, Mountain States Indemnity Company and Mountain States Commercial Insurance Company (collectively, the “Mountain States insurance subsidiaries”), became insurance subsidiaries of Donegal Mutual upon completion of the merger. Upon completion of the merger, Donegal Mutual assumed all of the policy obligations of Mountain States and began to market its products together with the Mountain States insurance subsidiaries as the Mountain States Insurance Group in four Southwestern states. Donegal Mutual also entered into a 100% quota-share reinsurance agreement with the Mountain States insurance subsidiaries on the merger date. Beginning with policies effective in 2021, Donegal Mutual began to place the business of the Mountain States Insurance Group into the underwriting pool. The same executive management and underwriting personnel administer products, classes of business underwritten, pricing practices and underwriting standards of Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries. In addition, as the Donegal Insurance Group, Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries share a combined business plan to achieve market penetration and underwriting profitability objectives. The products our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual market are generally complementary, thereby allowing the Donegal Insurance Group to offer a broader range of products to a given market and to expand the Donegal Insurance Group’s ability to service an entire personal lines or commercial lines account. Distinctions within the products of Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries generally relate to specific risk profiles targeted within similar classes of business, such as preferred tier versus standard tier products, but we do not allocate all of the standard risk gradients to one company. Therefore, the underwriting profitability of the business the individual companies write directly will vary. However, the underwriting pool homogenizes the risk characteristics of all business that Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States write directly. The business Atlantic States derives from the underwriting pool represents a significant percentage of our total consolidated revenues. We refer to Note 3 - Transactions with Affiliates for more information regarding the pooling agreement.
Basis of Consolidation	Basis of Consolidation Our consolidated financial statements, which we have prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), include our accounts and those of our wholly owned subsidiaries. We have eliminated all significant inter-company accounts and transactions in consolidation. The terms “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company” as we use them in the notes to our consolidated financial statements refer to the consolidated entity.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates In preparing our consolidated financial statements, our management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the balance sheet and revenues and expenses for the period then ended. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. We make estimates and assumptions that could have a significant effect on amounts and disclosures we report in our consolidated financial statements. The most significant estimates relate to our insurance subsidiaries’ reserves for property and casualty insurance unpaid losses and loss expenses. While we believe our estimates and the estimates of our insurance subsidiaries are appropriate, the ultimate amounts may differ from the estimates provided. We regularly review our methods for making these estimates as well as the continuing appropriateness of the estimated amounts, and we reflect any adjustment we consider necessary in our current results of operations.
Reclassification	Reclassification We have made certain reclassifications in our prior period financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.
Investments	Investments We classify our debt securities into the following categories: Held to Maturity - Debt securities that we have the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity; reported at amortized cost. Available for Sale - Debt securities not classified as held to maturity; reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from income and reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity (net of tax effects). Short-term investments are carried at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. We make estimates concerning the valuation of our investments and, as applicable, the recognition of declines in the value of our investments. For equity securities, we measure investments at fair value, and we recognize changes in fair value in our results of operations. With respect to an available-for-sale debt security that is in an unrealized loss position, we first assess if we intend to sell the debt security. If we determine we intend to sell the debt security, we recognize the impairment loss in our results of operations. If we do not intend to sell the debt security, we determine whether it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the debt security prior to recovery. If we determine it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the debt security prior to recovery, we recognize the impairment loss in our results of operations. If we determine it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell the debt security prior to recovery, we then evaluate whether a credit loss has occurred with respect to that security. We determine whether a credit loss has occurred by comparing the amortized cost of the debt security to the present value of the cash flows we expect to collect. If we expect a cash flow shortfall, we consider that a credit loss has occurred. If we determine that a credit loss has occurred, we establish an allowance for credit loss. We then recognize the amount of the allowance in our results of operations, and we recognize the remaining portion of the impairment loss in our other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. We regularly review the allowance for credit losses and recognize changes in the allowance in our results of operations. In addition, we may write down securities in an unrealized loss position based on a number of other factors, including when the fair value of an investment is significantly below its cost, when the financial condition of the issuer of a security has deteriorated, the occurrence of industry, issuer or geographic events that have negatively impacted the value of a security and rating agency downgrades. For held-to-maturity debt securities, we make estimates concerning expected credit losses at an aggregated level rather that monitoring individual debt securities for credit losses. We establish an allowance for expected credit losses based on an ongoing review of securities held, historical loss data, changes in issuer credit standing and other relevant factors. We utilize a probability-of-default methodology, which reflects current and forecasted economic conditions, to estimate the allowance for expected credit losses and recognize changes to the allowance in our results of operations. We amortize premiums and discounts on debt securities over the life of the security as an adjustment to yield using the effective interest method. We compute investment gains and losses using the specific identification method. We amortize premiums and discounts for mortgage-backed debt securities using anticipated prepayments.
Fair Values of Financial Instruments	Fair Values of Financial Instruments We use the following methods and assumptions in estimating our fair value disclosures: Investments - We present our investments in available-for-sale fixed maturity and equity securities at estimated fair value. The estimated fair value of a security may differ from the amount that we could realize if we sold the security in a forced transaction. In addition, the valuation of fixed maturity investments is more subjective when markets are less liquid, increasing the potential that the estimated fair value does not reflect the price at which an actual transaction would occur. We utilize nationally recognized independent pricing services to estimate fair values for our fixed maturity and equity investments. We generally obtain two prices per security. The pricing services utilize market quotations for fixed maturity and equity securities that have quoted prices in active markets. For fixed maturity securities that generally do not trade on a daily basis, the pricing services prepare estimates of fair value measurements based predominantly on observable market inputs. The pricing services do not use broker quotes in determining the fair values of our investments. Our investment personnel review the estimates of fair value the pricing services provide to determine if the estimates we obtain are representative of fair values based upon the general knowledge of our investment personnel of the market, their research findings related to unusual fluctuations in value and their comparison of such values to execution prices for similar securities. Our investment personnel monitor the market and are familiar with current trading ranges for similar securities and the pricing of specific investments. Our investment personnel review all pricing estimates that we receive from the pricing services against their expectations with respect to pricing based on fair market curves, security ratings, coupon rates, security type and recent trading activity. Our investment personnel review documentation with respect to the pricing services’ pricing methodology that they obtain periodically to determine if the primary pricing sources, market inputs and pricing frequency for various security types are reasonable. We refer to Note 5 - Fair Value Measurements for more information regarding our methods and assumptions in estimating fair values. Cash and Short-Term Investments - The carrying amounts we report in the balance sheet for these instruments approximate their fair values. Premiums and Reinsurance Receivables and Payables - The carrying amounts we report in the balance sheet for these instruments related to premiums and paid losses and loss expenses approximate their fair values.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition Our insurance subsidiaries recognize insurance premiums as income over the terms of the policies they issue. Our insurance subsidiaries calculate unearned premiums on a daily pro-rata basis.
Policy Acquisition Costs	Policy Acquisition Costs We defer our insurance subsidiaries’ policy acquisition costs, consisting primarily of commissions, premium taxes and certain other underwriting costs, reduced by ceding commissions, related directly to the successful acquisition of new or renewal insurance contracts. We amortize these deferred policy acquisition costs over the period in which our insurance subsidiaries earn the premiums. The method we follow in computing deferred policy acquisition costs limits the amount of such deferred costs to their estimated realizable value, which gives effect to the premium to be earned, related investment income, losses and loss expenses and certain other costs we expect to incur as our insurance subsidiaries earn the premium. Estimates in the calculation of policy acquisition costs have not shown material variability because of uncertainties in applying accounting principles or as a result of sensitivities to changes in key assumptions.
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment We report property and equipment at depreciated cost that we compute using the straight-line method based upon estimated useful lives of the assets.
Losses and Loss Expenses	Losses and Loss Expenses Liabilities for losses and loss expenses are estimates at a given point in time of the amounts an insurer expects to pay with respect to incurred policyholder claims based on facts and circumstances the insurer knows at that point in time. For example, legislative, judicial and regulatory actions may expand coverage definitions, retroactively mandate coverage or otherwise require our insurance subsidiaries to pay losses for damages that their policies explicitly excluded or did not intend to cover. At the time of establishing its estimates, an insurer recognizes that its ultimate liability for losses and loss expenses will exceed or be less than such estimates. Our insurance subsidiaries base their estimates of liabilities for losses and loss expenses on assumptions as to future loss trends, expected claims severity, judicial theories of liability and other factors. However, during the loss adjustment period, our insurance subsidiaries may learn additional facts regarding individual claims, and, consequently, it often becomes necessary for our insurance subsidiaries to refine and adjust their estimates for these liabilities. We reflect any adjustments to the liabilities for losses and loss expenses of our insurance subsidiaries in our consolidated results of operations in the period in which our insurance subsidiaries make adjustments to their estimates. Our insurance subsidiaries maintain liabilities for the payment of losses and loss expenses with respect to both reported and unreported claims. Our insurance subsidiaries establish these liabilities for the purpose of covering the ultimate costs of settling all losses, including investigation and litigation costs. Our insurance subsidiaries base the amount of their liability for reported losses primarily upon a case-by-case evaluation of the type of risk involved, knowledge of the circumstances surrounding each claim and the insurance policy provisions relating to the type of loss the policyholder incurred. Our insurance subsidiaries determine the amount of their liability for unreported claims and loss expenses on the basis of historical information by line of insurance. Our insurance subsidiaries account for inflation in the reserving function through analysis of costs and trends and reviews of historical reserving results. Our insurance subsidiaries monitor their liabilities closely and recompute them periodically using new information on reported claims and a variety of statistical techniques. Our insurance subsidiaries do not discount their liabilities for losses and loss expenses. Reserve estimates can change over time because of unexpected changes in assumptions related to our insurance subsidiaries’ external environment and, to a lesser extent, assumptions related to our insurance subsidiaries’ internal operations. For example, our insurance subsidiaries have experienced an increase in claims severity and a lengthening of the claim settlement periods on bodily injury claims during the past several years. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic and related government mandates and restrictions resulted in various changes from historical claims reporting and settlement trends during 2020 and resulted in significant increases in loss costs in 2022 and 2023 due to a number of factors, including supply chain disruption, higher new and used automobile values, increases in the cost of replacement automobile parts and rising labor rates. While these trend changes have begun to normalize, they caused significant disruption to historical loss patterns and give rise to greater uncertainty as to the pattern of future loss settlements. Related uncertainties regarding future trends include social inflation, availability and cost of replacement automobile parts and building materials, availability of skilled labor, the rate of plaintiff attorney involvement in claims and the cost of medical technologies and procedures. Assumptions related to our insurance subsidiaries’ external environment include the absence of significant changes in tort law and the legal environment that increase liability exposure, consistency in judicial interpretations of insurance coverage and policy provisions and the rate of loss cost inflation. Internal assumptions include consistency in the recording of premium and loss statistics, consistency in the recording of claims, payment and case reserving methodology, accurate measurement of the impact of rate changes and changes in policy provisions, consistency in the quality and characteristics of business written within a given line of business and consistency in reinsurance coverage and collectability of reinsured losses, among other items. To the extent our insurance subsidiaries determine that underlying factors impacting their assumptions have changed, our insurance subsidiaries make adjustments in their reserves that they consider appropriate for such changes. Accordingly, our insurance subsidiaries’ ultimate liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses will likely differ from the amount recorded. Our insurance subsidiaries seek to enhance their underwriting results by carefully selecting the product lines they underwrite. Our insurance subsidiaries’ personal lines products primarily include standard and preferred risks in private passenger automobile and homeowners lines. Our insurance subsidiaries’ commercial lines products primarily include business offices, wholesalers, service providers, contractors, artisans and light manufacturing operations. Our insurance subsidiaries have limited exposure to asbestos and other environmental liabilities.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes We currently file a consolidated federal income tax return that includes us and our insurance subsidiaries. We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. The objective of the asset and liability method is to establish deferred tax assets and liabilities for the temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of our assets and liabilities at enacted tax rates we expect to be in effect when we realize or settle such amounts.
Credit Risk	Credit Risk Our objective is to earn competitive returns by investing in a diversified portfolio of securities. Our portfolio of fixed maturity securities and, to a lesser extent, short-term investments is subject to credit risk. We define this risk as the potential loss in fair value resulting from adverse changes in the borrower’s ability to repay its debt to us. We manage this risk by performing an analysis of prospective investments and through regular reviews of our portfolio by our investment personnel. We also limit the amount of our total investment portfolio that we invest in any one security. Our insurance subsidiaries provide property and liability insurance coverages through independent insurance agencies located throughout their operating areas. Our insurance subsidiaries bill the majority of this business directly to their policyholders, although our insurance subsidiaries bill a portion of their commercial business through their agents, to whom they extend credit in the normal course of business. Our insurance subsidiaries have reinsurance agreements with Donegal Mutual and with a number of major unaffiliated reinsurers.
Reinsurance Accounting and Reporting	Reinsurance Accounting and Reporting Our insurance subsidiaries rely upon reinsurance agreements to limit their maximum net loss from large single risks or risks in concentrated areas and to increase their capacity to write insurance. Reinsurance does not relieve our insurance subsidiaries from liability to their respective policyholders. To the extent that a reinsurer cannot pay losses for which it is liable under the terms of a reinsurance agreement with one or more of our insurance subsidiaries, our insurance subsidiaries retain continued liability for such losses. However, in an effort to reduce the risk of non-payment, our insurance subsidiaries require all of their reinsurers to have an A.M. Best rating of A- or better or, with respect to foreign reinsurers, to have a financial condition that, in the opinion of our management, is equivalent to a company with an A.M. Best rating of A- or better. We refer to Note 10 - Reinsurance for more information regarding the reinsurance agreements of our insurance subsidiaries. We report reinsurance receivable net of an allowance for expected credit losses. We establish an allowance for expected credit losses based upon our ongoing review of amounts outstanding, historical loss data, changes in reinsurer credit standing and other relevant factors. We utilize a probability-of-default methodology, which reflects current and forecasted economic conditions, to estimate the allowance for expected credit losses and recognize changes to the allowance in our results of operations.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation We measure all share-based payments to our directors and the directors and employees of our subsidiaries and affiliates, including grants of stock options, using a fair-value-based method and record such expense in our results of operations. In determining the expense we record for stock options we grant to our directors and the directors and employees of our subsidiaries and affiliates, we estimate the fair value of each option award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The significant assumptions we utilize in applying the Black-Scholes option pricing model are the risk-free interest rate, expected term, dividend yield and expected volatility. In 2023, 2022 and 2021, we realized $139,135, $360,452 and $438,850, respectively, in tax benefits upon the exercise of stock options.
Earnings per Share	Earnings Per Share We calculate basic earnings per share by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. We have two classes of common stock, which we refer to as Class A common stock and Class B common stock. Our Class A common stock is entitled to the declaration and payment of cash dividends that are at least 10% higher than those we declare and pay on our Class B common stock. Accordingly, we use the two-class method for the computation of earnings per common share. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share separately for each class of common stock based on dividends declared and an allocation of remaining undistributed earnings using a participation percentage that reflects the dividend rights of each class.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets	Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the underlying fair value of acquired entities. When completing acquisitions, we seek also to identify separately identifiable intangible assets that we have acquired. We assess goodwill and intangible assets with an indefinite useful life for impairment annually. We also assess goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment upon the occurrence of certain events. In making our assessment, we consider a number of factors including operating results, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows and current market data. Inherent uncertainties exist with respect to these factors and to our judgment in applying them when we make our assessment. Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets could result from changes in economic and operating conditions in future periods.

Allowance for Expected Credit Losses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Allowance for Expected Credit Losses [Abstract]

Held-to-Maturity Fixed-Maturity Securities

	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
	Held-to-Maturity, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Allowance for Expected Credit Losses
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	688,439	$	—
Cumulative effect of adoption of updated accounting guidance for credit losses				1,268
Current period change for expected credit losses				58
Balance at end of period	$	679,497	$	1,326

Reinsurance Receivable

	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
	Reinsurance Receivable, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Allowance for Expected Credit Losses
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	456,522	$	—
Cumulative effect of adoption of updated accounting guidance for credit losses				1,132
Current period change for expected credit losses				262
Balance at end of period	$	441,431	$	1,394

Reinsurance (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Reinsurance [Abstract]

Ceded Reinsurance Transactions with Unaffiliated Reinsurers

The following amounts represent ceded reinsurance transactions with unaffiliated reinsurers during 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023		2022		2021
Premiums written	$	43,030,879	$	37,002,702	$	38,173,733
Premiums earned		42,416,710		36,947,675		37,984,833
Losses and loss expenses		16,318,760		31,096,016		29,999,528
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		6,732,955		6,118,784		6,063,759
Liability for losses and loss expenses		116,717,187		149,628,406		138,909,584

Total Ceded Reinsurance Transactions with both Affiliated and Unaffiliated Reinsurers

The following amounts represent total ceded reinsurance transactions with both affiliated and unaffiliated reinsurers during 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023		2022		2021
Premiums earned	$	388,073,427	$	383,059,075	$	399,284,886
Losses and loss expenses		275,171,587		249,037,288		282,083,985
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		168,724,466		160,591,399		176,935,842
Liability for losses and loss expenses		437,013,974		451,184,222		451,261,306

Amounts Represent Effect of Reinsurance on Premiums Written

The following amounts represent the effect of reinsurance on premiums written for 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023			2022			2021
Direct	$	702,227,408		$	641,971,207		$	609,204,706
Assumed		589,675,724			568,272,026			601,864,198
Ceded		(396,206,492	)		(366,714,634	)		(406,802,395	)
Net premiums written	$	895,696,640		$	843,528,599		$	804,266,509

Amounts Represent Effect of Reinsurance on Premiums Earned

The following amounts represent the effect of reinsurance on premiums earned for 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	2023			2022			2021
Direct	$	686,584,907		$	627,331,528		$	601,408,581
Assumed		583,559,906			578,216,997			573,891,506
Ceded		(388,073,427	)		(383,059,075	)		(399,284,886	)
Net premiums earned	$	882,071,386		$	822,489,450		$	776,015,201
Percentage of assumed premiums earned to net premiums earned		66.2	%		70.3	%		74.0	%

Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Net Income (Loss) Per Share [Abstract]
Minimum percentage of class A common stock declared dividend excess over class B dividend	10.00%
Class A Common Stock [Member]
Numerator: [Abstract]
Allocation of net income (loss)	$ 3,788	$ (1,571)	$ 21,131
Denominator: [Abstract]
Weighted-average shares outstanding (in shares)	27,469	26,409	25,388
Basic earnings (loss) per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.14	$ (0.06)	$ 0.83
Numerator: [Abstract]
Allocation of net income (loss)	$ 3,788	$ (1,571)	$ 21,131
Denominator: [Abstract]
Number of shares used in basic computation (in shares)	27,469	26,409	25,388
Weighted-average shares effect of dilutive securities [Abstract]
Director and employee stock options (in shares)	94	0	146
Number of shares used in diluted computation (in shares)	27,563	26,409	25,534
Diluted earnings (loss) per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.14	$ (0.06)	$ 0.83
Class B Common Stock [Member]
Numerator: [Abstract]
Allocation of net income (loss)	$ 638	$ (388)	$ 4,123
Denominator: [Abstract]
Weighted-average shares outstanding (in shares)	5,577	5,577	5,577
Basic earnings (loss) per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.11	$ (0.07)	$ 0.74
Numerator: [Abstract]
Allocation of net income (loss)	$ 638	$ (388)	$ 4,123
Denominator: [Abstract]
Number of shares used in basic computation (in shares)	5,577	5,577	5,577
Weighted-average shares effect of dilutive securities [Abstract]
Diluted earnings (loss) per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.11	$ (0.07)	$ 0.74

Investments, Net Investment Income, Consisting Primarily of Interest and Dividends (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Net Investment Income [Abstract]
Investment income	$ 43,712,826	$ 36,689,544	$ 34,132,193
Investment expenses	(2,859,611)	(2,673,432)	(3,006,562)
Net investment income	40,853,215	34,016,112	31,125,631
Fixed Maturities [Member]
Net Investment Income [Abstract]
Investment income	40,445,697	34,945,437	32,343,878
Short-Term investments [Member]
Net Investment Income [Abstract]
Investment income	2,471,998	817,428	321,117
Equity Securities [Member]
Net Investment Income [Abstract]
Investment income	765,881	897,429	1,437,948
Other [Member]
Net Investment Income [Abstract]
Investment income	$ 29,250	$ 29,250	$ 29,250

Liability for Losses and Loss Expenses, Supplementary Information About Average Historical Claims Duration (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023
Personal Automobile [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Historical Claims Duration [Abstract]
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 1	65.60%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 2	16.90%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 3	8.50%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 4	4.20%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 5	2.20%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 6	0.90%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 7	0.50%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 8	0.10%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 9	0.40%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 10	0.30%
Homeowners [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Historical Claims Duration [Abstract]
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 1	81.10%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 2	16.00%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 3	1.20%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 4	0.50%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 5	0.20%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 6	0.20%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 7	0.10%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 8	0.00%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 9	0.10%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 10	0.00%
Commercial Automobile [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Historical Claims Duration [Abstract]
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 1	42.30%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 2	18.10%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 3	14.40%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 4	11.90%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 5	6.20%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 6	3.70%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 7	1.40%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 8	0.40%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 9	0.00%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 10	0.10%
Commercial Multi-Peril [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Historical Claims Duration [Abstract]
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 1	44.30%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 2	17.60%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 3	9.80%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 4	10.30%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 5	6.60%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 6	3.40%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 7	2.10%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 8	0.80%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 9	1.50%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 10	0.40%
Workers Compensation [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Historical Claims Duration [Abstract]
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 1	30.90%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 2	32.60%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 3	15.60%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 4	8.10%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 5	3.30%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 6	1.90%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 7	1.10%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 8	0.80%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 9	1.00%
Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance, year 10	1.20%

Liability for Losses and Loss Expenses, Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Personal Automobile [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 1,328,532
All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance	994
Liabilities for claims and claims adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	104,457
Personal Automobile [Member] \| 2014 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	127,026	$ 126,701	$ 125,762	$ 125,619	$ 124,926	$ 123,815	$ 120,491	$ 114,893	$ 104,736	$ 85,377
Personal Automobile [Member] \| 2015 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	141,298	141,172	140,892	140,028	139,121	135,027	128,395	116,303	93,611
Personal Automobile [Member] \| 2016 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	155,505	155,521	154,769	153,521	151,159	143,321	129,507	102,433
Personal Automobile [Member] \| 2017 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	171,513	170,895	169,190	166,099	159,879	142,372	111,964
Personal Automobile [Member] \| 2018 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	176,233	173,922	169,651	163,036	150,175	115,585
Personal Automobile [Member] \| 2019 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	150,017	146,667	141,004	127,187	103,101
Personal Automobile [Member] \| 2020 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	94,094	89,736	81,783	66,084
Personal Automobile [Member] \| 2021 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	103,427	93,998	76,477
Personal Automobile [Member] \| 2022 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	109,845	83,616
Personal Automobile [Member] \| 2023 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	99,574
Homeowners [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	687,392
All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance	148
Liabilities for claims and claims adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	25,294
Homeowners [Member] \| 2014 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	57,327	57,318	57,339	57,336	57,243	56,995	57,195	56,990	56,255	45,823
Homeowners [Member] \| 2015 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	63,042	62,938	62,936	62,943	62,844	62,590	62,204	61,542	51,885
Homeowners [Member] \| 2016 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	63,296	63,266	63,217	63,162	63,144	62,760	61,145	50,125
Homeowners [Member] \| 2017 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	78,556	78,528	78,454	78,127	78,006	77,663	67,077
Homeowners [Member] \| 2018 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	81,826	81,568	81,464	80,905	79,892	70,385
Homeowners [Member] \| 2019 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	71,209	70,884	70,416	69,145	58,074
Homeowners [Member] \| 2020 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	61,189	60,809	60,348	51,226
Homeowners [Member] \| 2021 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	64,124	63,920	52,161
Homeowners [Member] \| 2022 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	79,187	63,107
Homeowners [Member] \| 2023 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	67,636
Commercial Automobile [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	644,479
All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance	88
Liabilities for claims and claims adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	157,172
Commercial Automobile [Member] \| 2014 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	48,829	48,757	48,714	48,603	48,418	47,290	44,374	39,436	31,089	22,707
Commercial Automobile [Member] \| 2015 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	53,047	53,052	52,728	51,992	51,605	48,261	41,678	35,342	23,875
Commercial Automobile [Member] \| 2016 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	65,273	65,076	64,421	60,485	57,237	48,837	38,237	27,033
Commercial Automobile [Member] \| 2017 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	64,074	62,187	59,889	57,128	49,703	40,213	28,707
Commercial Automobile [Member] \| 2018 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	79,308	74,421	69,487	57,451	47,941	33,862
Commercial Automobile [Member] \| 2019 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	80,617	72,139	63,575	53,026	36,948
Commercial Automobile [Member] \| 2020 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	70,669	60,665	46,459	31,884
Commercial Automobile [Member] \| 2021 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	69,908	56,101	39,851
Commercial Automobile [Member] \| 2022 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	67,367	46,242
Commercial Automobile [Member] \| 2023 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	45,387
Commercial Multi-Peril [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	608,761
All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance	521
Liabilities for claims and claims adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	201,748
Commercial Multi-Peril [Member] \| 2014 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	53,074	52,875	52,252	52,103	51,615	50,017	47,021	40,936	35,520	27,920
Commercial Multi-Peril [Member] \| 2015 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	45,572	44,764	44,439	44,090	42,849	39,162	34,323	29,419	21,837
Commercial Multi-Peril [Member] \| 2016 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	48,048	47,432	44,944	43,435	41,193	34,612	29,402	19,660
Commercial Multi-Peril [Member] \| 2017 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	52,422	51,494	49,488	46,361	42,691	36,926	27,399
Commercial Multi-Peril [Member] \| 2018 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	62,253	59,118	54,913	48,050	42,296	30,597
Commercial Multi-Peril [Member] \| 2019 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	63,156	55,951	47,522	41,266	28,210
Commercial Multi-Peril [Member] \| 2020 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	58,754	52,646	46,193	34,729
Commercial Multi-Peril [Member] \| 2021 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	82,580	69,735	46,768
Commercial Multi-Peril [Member] \| 2022 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	86,664	57,641
Commercial Multi-Peril [Member] \| 2023 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	56,238
Workers Compensation [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	427,046
All outstanding liabilities before 2014, net of reinsurance	5,251
Liabilities for claims and claims adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	113,124
Workers Compensation [Member] \| 2014 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	45,905	45,314	44,671	44,403	43,866	42,465	40,393	36,284	28,513	$ 13,932
Workers Compensation [Member] \| 2015 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	39,762	39,478	39,096	38,596	37,936	36,929	34,192	27,531	$ 13,071
Workers Compensation [Member] \| 2016 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	42,195	41,809	41,543	41,208	40,570	37,178	30,344	$ 14,709
Workers Compensation [Member] \| 2017 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	45,935	45,174	44,242	42,954	39,684	31,990	$ 15,581
Workers Compensation [Member] \| 2018 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	44,359	43,279	41,611	37,072	31,928	$ 17,644
Workers Compensation [Member] \| 2019 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	50,079	47,121	41,740	33,009	$ 16,939
Workers Compensation [Member] \| 2020 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	48,259	44,089	32,817	$ 14,591
Workers Compensation [Member] \| 2021 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	51,781	42,633	$ 20,931
Workers Compensation [Member] \| 2022 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	41,225	$ 18,643
Workers Compensation [Member] \| 2023 [Member]
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Liability for Unpaid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense, Net [Abstract]
Cumulative paid claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 17,546

Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Available for sale, at fair value	$ 589,348,243	$ 523,791,931
Equity securities, at fair value	25,902,956	35,104,840
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. Government Corporations and Agencies [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Available for sale, at fair value	85,419,683	63,521,312
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Available for sale, at fair value	38,115,784	40,155,784
Mortgage-Backed Securities [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Available for sale, at fair value	269,019,809	217,276,790
Recurring Basis [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Equity securities, at fair value	25,902,956	35,104,840
Investments in the fair value hierarchy	615,251,199	558,896,771
Recurring Basis [Member] \| U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. Government Corporations and Agencies [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Available for sale, at fair value	85,419,683	63,521,312
Recurring Basis [Member] \| Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Available for sale, at fair value	38,115,784	40,155,784
Recurring Basis [Member] \| Corporate Securities [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Available for sale, at fair value	196,792,967	202,838,045
Recurring Basis [Member] \| Mortgage-Backed Securities [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Available for sale, at fair value	269,019,809	217,276,790
Recurring Basis [Member] \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Equity securities, at fair value	23,910,968	32,820,452
Investments in the fair value hierarchy	23,910,968	32,820,452
Recurring Basis [Member] \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] \| U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. Government Corporations and Agencies [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Available for sale, at fair value	0	0
Recurring Basis [Member] \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] \| Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Available for sale, at fair value	0	0
Recurring Basis [Member] \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] \| Corporate Securities [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Available for sale, at fair value	0	0
Recurring Basis [Member] \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] \| Mortgage-Backed Securities [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Available for sale, at fair value	0	0
Recurring Basis [Member] \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Equity securities, at fair value	1,991,988	2,284,388
Investments in the fair value hierarchy	591,340,231	526,076,319
Recurring Basis [Member] \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] \| U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. Government Corporations and Agencies [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Available for sale, at fair value	85,419,683	63,521,312
Recurring Basis [Member] \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] \| Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Available for sale, at fair value	38,115,784	40,155,784
Recurring Basis [Member] \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] \| Corporate Securities [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Available for sale, at fair value	196,792,967	202,838,045
Recurring Basis [Member] \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] \| Mortgage-Backed Securities [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Available for sale, at fair value	269,019,809	217,276,790
Recurring Basis [Member] \| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Equity securities, at fair value	0	0
Investments in the fair value hierarchy	0	0
Recurring Basis [Member] \| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] \| U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. Government Corporations and Agencies [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Available for sale, at fair value	0	0
Recurring Basis [Member] \| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] \| Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Available for sale, at fair value	0	0
Recurring Basis [Member] \| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] \| Corporate Securities [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Available for sale, at fair value	0	0
Recurring Basis [Member] \| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] \| Mortgage-Backed Securities [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Abstract]
Available for sale, at fair value	$ 0	$ 0